LC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics Reveal Candidate Biomarkers and Metabolic Changes in Different Buffalo Species.
LC-MS/MS Based Metabolomics Reveal Candidate Biomarkers and Metabolic Changes in Different Buffalo Species.
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基于 LC-MS/MS 的代谢组学揭示了不同水牛物种的候选生物标志物和代谢变化
DOI：
10.3390/ani11020560
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发表时间：
2021-02-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Li Z
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi W;Yuan X;Cui K;Li H;Fu P;Rehman SU;Shi D;Liu Q;Li Z
牛奶和乳制品已成为人类生活中最常见和必需的营养品，而营养价值高的乳制品也越来越受到人们的关注。布法罗奶含有较高的蛋白质、脂肪、乳糖和总固体含量，被认为是优质上级乳制品的来源，如马苏里拉奶酪、黄油、冰淇淋和酸奶。此外，布法罗乳含有更多的不饱和脂肪酸（UFA），由于其理想的生理作用，UFA对人类健康是重要的。然而，牛奶的成分似乎在不同的布法罗物种之间存在差异，并且关于潜在机制的信息不足。因此，探索上级布法罗乳的生物标志物对乳制品加工和布法罗育种具有重要意义。在本研究中，不同的显着不同的代谢物之间的地中海，Murrah，和杂交布法罗，和不同的代谢物主要富集在脂肪合成相关的途径，影响最终的脂肪含量在牛奶中。这些特异性代谢产物可作为牛奶品质鉴定和高乳脂布法罗分子育种的候选生物标志物。消费者对高质量和健康的乳制品越来越感兴趣，布法罗乳由于其较高的脂肪、粗蛋白和总固体含量，在生产上级乳制品方面比其他乳更具商业可行性。代谢物组学是研究奶牛泌乳机理的有效手段之一，但对不同品种布法罗乳代谢物的研究较少。因此，本研究的目的是探索潜在的脂肪合成的分子机制和候选的生物标志物，通过分析代谢组学谱。采用UPLC-Q-Orbitrap高分辨质谱技术，对10头地中海型水牛、12头穆拉型水牛和10头穆拉×当地沼泽型布法罗杂交水牛的乳汁进行分析。结果表明，地中海布法罗乳脂肪酸含量显著高于摩拉布法罗和杂交布法罗。在正负电喷雾电离（ESI±）模式下，共鉴定出1837/726种代谢物，其中包括地中海和默拉布法罗之间19种显着不同的代谢物，以及地中海和杂交布法罗之间18种不同的代谢物。结果表明，11种代谢产物在地中海型水牛与Murrah型水牛和地中海型水牛与杂交水牛之间差异显著，表明它们可以作为地中海型布法罗乳的候选生物标志物。进一步分析发现，不同代谢产物主要富集在脂肪酸生物合成、不饱和脂肪酸生物合成、亚油酸代谢等脂肪合成相关途径中，表明不同途径的优先顺序影响不同布法罗品种乳脂含量。这些特异性代谢产物可作为牛奶品质鉴定和高乳脂布法罗分子育种的生物标志物。
Milk and dairy products have become the most common and an essential nutrition in human life, while dairy products with high nutritional value are attracting more and more attention. Buffalo milk contains higher protein, fat, lactose, and total solid contents and has been considered as the source of superior dairy products, such as mozzarella cheese, butter, ice cream, and yoghurt. Moreover, buffalo milk contains more unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) which are important for human health owing to their desirable physiological effects. However, the composition of milk seems to vary among different buffalo species and inadequate information is available about the underlying mechanism. Therefore, exploring the biomarkers of superior buffalo milk is crucial for the process of dairy products and buffalo breeding. In the present study, diverse significantly different metabolites were identified among the Mediterranean, Murrah, and crossbred buffalo, and the different metabolites were mainly enriched in fat synthesis related pathways which affected the end fat content in the milk. Moreover, these specific metabolites can be used as candidate biomarkers in the identification of milk quality and molecular breeding of high milk fat buffalo. Consumers have shown more and more interest in high-quality and healthy dairy products and buffalo milk is commercially more viable than other milks in producing superior dairy products due to its higher contents of fat, crude protein, and total solids. Metabolomics is one of the most powerful strategies in molecular mechanism research however, little study has been focused on the milk metabolites in different buffalo species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the underlying molecular mechanism of the fatty synthesis and candidate biomarkers by analyzing the metabolomic profiles. Milk of three groups of buffaloes, including 10 Mediterranean, 12 Murrah, and 10 crossbred buffaloes (Murrah × local swamp buffalo), were collected and UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used to obtain the metabolomic profiles. Results showed that milk fatty acid in Mediterranean buffalo was significantly higher than Murrah buffalo and crossbred buffalo. A total of 1837/726 metabolites was identified in both positive and negative electrospray ionization (ESI±) mode, including 19 significantly different metabolites between Mediterranean and Murrah buffalo, and 18 different metabolites between Mediterranean and crossbred buffalo. We found 11 of the different metabolites were both significantly different between Mediterranean vs. Murrah group and Mediterranean vs crossbred group, indicating that they can be used as candidate biomarkers of Mediterranean buffalo milk. Further analysis found that the different metabolites were mainly enriched in fat synthesis related pathways such as fatty acid biosynthesis, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism, indicating that the priority of different pathways affected the milk fat content in different buffalo species. These specific metabolites may be used as biomarkers in the identification of milk quality and molecular breeding of high milk fat buffalo.
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