Accumulated Puʻu ʻŌʻō magma fed the voluminous 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: evidence from lava chemistry

Accumulated Puʻu ʻŌʻō magma fed the voluminous 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano: evidence from lava chemistry
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累积的 PuÊ»u Ê»ÅʻŠ岩浆为 2018 年 Kä«lauea 火山的大量裂谷喷发提供了源泉:来自熔岩化学的证据

DOI:
10.1007/s00445-021-01470-3
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.5
通讯作者:
Rhodes, J. Michael
Rhodes, J. Michael
中科院分区:
地球科学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Pietruszka, Aaron J.;Garcia, Michael O.;Rhodes, J. Michael

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2018年Kīlauea火山的裂谷喷发提供了一个极好的机会来破译岩浆过程对玄武岩火山行为和危害的潜在作用。在这里,我们研究了火山东部裂谷带(LERZ)下喷发的大量(> 0.8 km3)主阶段中最富镁熔岩(~ 7.7-8.7 wt.%)的岩石成因历史。我们的研究结果表明,这些熔岩在成分上是均匀的,但与最近在中部ERZ (MERZ)上的Pu夏威夷Ō夏威夷火山喷发和Halema夏威夷火山口内的山顶熔岩湖的样品不同。在一定MgO值下,富MgO的2018年LERZ熔岩具有较高的K2O和tio2丰度,较高的Nb/Y比值,较低的CaO/ tio2和Sr/Zr比值。这些观察结果排除了一个简单的假设,即2018年火山口的崩塌迫使山顶水库的岩浆直接喷发到LERZ上。相反,富含mgo的2018年LERZ熔岩的独特化学性质支持了三种成分混合的新模型:(1)来自顶部储层的由橄榄石控制的岩浆,通过Pu夏威夷Ō夏威夷,(2)类似于2018年裂谷喷发最早熔岩的分化岩浆,(3)橄榄石。分化岩浆自20世纪60年代以来一直储存在ERZ内。在2018年之前的约10年时间里,峰顶衍生岩浆(~ 91 ~ 95%)在濮洼洼Ō洼洼下裂谷积累,并与分化岩浆(~ 5 ~ 9%)混合。这一过程在MERZ内产生了一个巨大的(> 0.8 km3)岩浆体,这是富含镁离子的2018年LERZ熔岩的直接来源。在2018年火山口崩塌期间从山顶水库中移除的岩浆(高达约0.8 km3)仍然留在ERZ内,以及Pu夏威夷Ō夏威夷和2018年裂谷喷发的任何剩余岩浆。根据最近从2020年12月到2021年5月在Halema夏威夷岛的熔岩湖活动,山顶水库可能已经补充了岩浆。因此,从火山峰顶到LERZ的熔岩管道系统现在可能充满了岩浆,并为频繁和/或大规模喷发的新时代做好了准备。
The 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano presents a superb opportunity to decipher the underlying role of magmatic processes on the behavior and hazards of basaltic volcanoes. Here, we examine the petrogenetic history of the most MgO-rich lavas (~ 7.7–8.7 wt.%) from the voluminous (> 0.8 km3) main phase of this eruption on the volcano’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ). Our results show that these lavas are compositionally homogeneous, but distinct from recent samples of the Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption on the middle ERZ (MERZ) and the summit lava lake within Halemaʻumaʻu pit crater. The MgO-rich 2018 LERZ lavas have relatively high K2O and TiO2abundances at a given MgO value, high Nb/Y ratios, and low CaO/TiO2and Sr/Zr ratios. These observations preclude a simple hypothesis that the collapse of the caldera in 2018 forced magma from the summit reservoir to erupt directly on the LERZ. Instead, the distinctive chemistry of the MgO-rich 2018 LERZ lavas supports a new model of mixing between three components: (1) olivine-controlled magma, derived from the summit reservoir via Puʻu ʻŌʻō, (2) differentiated magma similar to the earliest lavas from the 2018 rift eruption, and (3) olivine. The differentiated magma was stored within the ERZ since the 1960s. The summit-derived magma (~ 91–95%) accumulated downrift of Puʻu ʻŌʻō and mixed with the differentiated magma (~ 5–9%) over ~ 10 years prior to 2018. This process created a large (> 0.8 km3) magma body within the MERZ that was the direct source of the MgO-rich 2018 LERZ lavas. The magma that was removed from the summit reservoir during the 2018 caldera collapse (up to ~ 0.8 km3) remains within the ERZ, along with any leftover magma from the Puʻu ʻŌʻō and 2018 rift eruptions. The summit reservoir has likely been replenished with magma based on recent lava lake activity within Halemaʻumaʻu from December 2020 to May 2021. Thus, Kīlauea’s plumbing system from the summit to the LERZ may now be flush with magma and primed for a new era of frequent and/or large eruptions.
追踪导致 2018 年基拉韦厄火山喷发的堤坝传播
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