Sibling Similarity and Difference in Socioeconomic Status: Life Course and Family Resource Effects
Sibling Similarity and Difference in Socioeconomic Status: Life Course and Family Resource Effects
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兄弟姐妹社会经济地位的异同：生命历程和家庭资源的影响
DOI：
10.3386/w11320
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Glauber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Conley;R. Glauber
几十年来，遗传学家和社会科学家一直依赖于兄弟姐妹之间的相关性，以表明基因和环境对行为特征和社会经济结果的影响。目前的论文通过探索各种社会经济结果的兄弟姐妹相似性，并通过回答两个相对未被研究的问题来推进这一调查路线：兄弟姐妹的社会经济地位在整个生命过程中是发散还是收敛？来自不同人口统计群体的兄弟姐妹，他们享受的机会程度不同，他们的相似程度也不同吗？研究结果通知理论辩论父母的投资模式，特别是在有关不同的机会和资本约束，和生命历程的地位实现模式。我们报告了三个新的发现。首先，兄弟姐妹在职业声望上的相似性几乎完全可以用共同的教育来解释，而兄弟姐妹在家庭收入上的相似性几乎完全可以用共同的教育、职业声望和收入来解释。这与兄弟姐妹在收入和财富方面的相似性形成了对比，因为当我们控制教育和职业声望时，兄弟姐妹在收入方面的相似性保持了60%，而当我们控制所有其他社会经济结果时，兄弟姐妹在财富方面的相似性保持了30%以上。其次，在整个生命历程中，兄弟姐妹在收入和收入方面趋同，并在教育、职业声望和财富方面保持稳定的相关性。第三，黑人兄弟姐妹在收入和收入方面的相关性明显低于非黑人兄弟姐妹，但黑人兄弟姐妹在整个生命过程中的收入显着趋同-在他们20多岁的黑人兄弟姐妹中，收入的相关性为0.181，40岁以上的收入相关性为0.826-这表明非洲裔美国人在生活的第五个十年中几乎完成了收入的社会再生产。这种模式不适用于非黑人兄弟姐妹。此外，当我们按阶层和年龄划分样本时，我们发现了相反的效果：到40岁及以上，来自社会经济地位较高家庭的兄弟姐妹的相似性往往增加，而来自社会经济地位较低家庭的兄弟姐妹则没有。因此，对美国社会开放性的描述在很大程度上取决于我们谈论的是哪个群体，以及我们在人生的哪个阶段衡量经济地位。
For decades, geneticists and social scientists have relied on sibling correlations as indicative of the effects of genes and environment on behavioral traits and socioeconomic outcomes. The current paper advances this line of inquiry by exploring sibling similarity across a variety of socioeconomic outcomes and by providing answers to two relatively under-examined questions: do siblings' socioeconomic statuses diverge or converge across the life course? And do siblings from demographic groups that putatively differ on the degree of opportunity they enjoy vary with respect to how similar they turn out? Findings inform theoretical debates over parental investment models, especially in relation to diverging opportunities and capital constraints, and life course status attainment models. We report three new findings. First, sibling resemblance in occupational prestige is explained almost entirely by shared education, and sibling resemblance in family income is explained almost entirely by the combination of shared education, occupational prestige, and earnings. This is contrasted to sibling resemblance in earnings and wealth, as siblings retain 60 percent of their resemblance in earnings once we control for education and occupational prestige, and siblings retain more than 30 percent of their resemblance in wealth once we control for all other socioeconomic outcomes. Second, across the life course, siblings converge in earnings and income and maintain stable correlations in education, occupational prestige, and wealth. Third, black siblings have significantly lower correlations on earnings and income than nonblack siblings overall, but black siblings dramatically converge in income across the life course -- in their twenties black siblings have a .181 correlation in income and above age 40 they have a .826 correlation in income -- suggesting almost complete social reproduction in income by the fifth decade of life for African Americans. This pattern does not hold for nonblack siblings. Furthermore, when we split the sample by class and age, we find the opposite effect: by age 40 and above, siblings from higher SES families tend to increase in their resemblance while those from lower SES families do not. Descriptive accounts about the openness of American society, then, strongly depend on which group we are talking about and at which stage in the life course we measure economic status.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Reich,T;VanEerdewegh,P;Rice,J;Mullaney,J;Endicott,J;Klerman,GL
通讯作者：
Klerman,GL
影响因子：
7.7
作者：
Plomin, Robert;Daniels, Denise
通讯作者：
Daniels, Denise