Structural principles of CRISPR-Cas enzymes used in nucleic acid detection.

Structural principles of CRISPR-Cas enzymes used in nucleic acid detection.
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用于核酸检测的CRISPR-Cas酶的结构原理。

DOI:
10.1016/j.jsb.2022.107838
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发表时间:
2022-03
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Li H
Li H
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Das A;Goswami HN;Whyms CT;Sridhara S;Li H

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Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat (CRISPR)-based technology has revolutionized the field of biomedicine with broad applications in genome editing, therapeutics and diagnostics. While a majority of applications involve the RNA-guided site-specific DNA or RNA cleavage by CRISPR enzymes, recent successes in nucleic acid detection rely on their collateral and non-specific cleavage activated by viral DNA or RNA. Ranging in enzyme composition, the mechanism for distinguishing self- from foreign-nucleic acids, the usage of second messengers, and enzymology, the CRISPR enzymes provide a diverse set of diagnosis tools in further innovations. Structural biology plays an important role in elucidating the mechanisms of these CRISPR enzymes. Here we summarize and compare structures of three types of CRISPR enzymes used in nucleic acid detection captured in their respective functional forms and illustrate the current understanding of their activation mechanism.
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