Kinetics of viral loads and genotypic analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
Kinetics of viral loads and genotypic analysis of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-1 infection in captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).
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DOI：
10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.42
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发表时间：
2013-03
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ling PD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stanton JJ;Zong JC;Eng C;Howard L;Flanagan J;Stevens M;Schmitt D;Wiedner E;Graham D;Junge RE;Weber MA;Fischer M;Mejia A;Tan J;Latimer E;Herron A;Hayward GS;Ling PD
大象内皮性疱疹病毒（EEHV）可导致幼年亚洲象（Elephas maximus）致命的出血性疾病；然而，从健康大象身上收集的象鼻清洗液中也发现了零星的病毒脱落。目前还缺乏关于血液中病毒载量与躯干清洗液之间关系的数据，而且大象是否会多次感染 EEHV 的问题此前也没有得到解决。使用实时定量聚合酶链反应来确定 EEHV1 负载的动力学，并对从至少两次独立的情况下幸存下来的五只亚洲象的各种液体样本中检测到的 EEHV1 DNA 进行基因型分析。在三头表现出疾病临床症状的大象中，可检测到临床前 EEHV1 DNA 血症，并且全血病毒载量峰值出现在临床症状出现后 3-8 天。在两只患有 EEHV1 DNA 血症并持续 7-21 天的大象中，没有观察到疾病的临床症状。在 DNA 血症后约 21 天，在象鼻清洗液中检测到的 EEHV1 DNA 达到峰值，并且在 DNA 血症期间检测到的病毒基因型与同一头大象后续清洗液中检测到的病毒基因型相匹配。在五头大象的每一头中，在不同时间点的全血和象鼻清洗液中均发现了两种不同的 EEHV1 基因型。在每种情况下，这些基因型代表 EEHV1A 和 EEHV1B 亚型。这些数据表明，病毒载量的知识可能有助于在临床疾病之前或期间对大象进行管理。此外，两种 EEHV1 亚型的连续感染发生在亚洲象中，表明它们不会引发交叉保护性绝育免疫。这些数据将对参与亚洲象饲养和临床护理的个人有用。
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHVs) can cause fatal hemorrhagic disease in juvenile Asian elephants (Elephas maximus); however, sporadic shedding of virus in trunk washes collected from healthy elephants also has been detected. Data regarding the relationship of viral loads in blood compared with trunk washes are lacking, and questions about whether elephants can undergo multiple infections with EEHVs have not been addressed previously. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the kinetics of EEHV1 loads, and genotypic analysis was performed on EEHV1 DNA detected in various fluid samples obtained from five Asian elephants that survived detectable EEHV1 DNAemia on at least two separate occasions. In three elephants displaying clinical signs of illness, preclinical EEHV1 DNAemia was detectable, and peak whole-blood viral loads occurred 3–8 days after the onset of clinical signs. In two elephants with EEHV1 DNAemia that persisted for 7–21 days, no clinical signs of illness were observed. Detection of EEHV1 DNA in trunk washes peaked approximately 21 days after DNAemia, and viral genotypes detected during DNAemia matched those detected in subsequent trunk washes from the same elephant. In each of the five elephants, two distinct EEHV1 genotypes were identified in whole blood and trunk washes at different time points. In each case, these genotypes represented both an EEHV1A and an EEHV1B subtype. These data suggest that knowledge of viral loads could be useful for the management of elephants before or during clinical illness. Furthermore, sequential infection with both EEHV1 subtypes occurs in Asian elephants, suggesting that they do not elicit cross-protective sterilizing immunity. These data will be useful to individuals involved in the husbandry and clinical care of Asian elephants.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Latimer, Erin;Zong, Jian-Chao;Hayward, Gary S.
通讯作者：
Hayward, Gary S.
影响因子：
1
作者：
Stanton, Jeffrey J.;Zong, Jian-Chao;Ling, Paul D.
通讯作者：
Ling, Paul D.
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Davison, Andrew J.;Eberle, Richard;Ehlers, Bernhard;Hayward, Gary S.;McGeoch, Duncan J.;Minson, Anthony C.;Pellett, Philip E.;Roizman, Bernard;Studdert, Michael J.;Thiry, Etienne
通讯作者：
Thiry, Etienne
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Garner MM;Helmick K;Ochsenreiter J;Richman LK;Latimer E;Wise AG;Maes RK;Kiupel M;Nordhausen RW;Zong JC;Hayward GS
通讯作者：
Hayward GS
影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Fickel, J;Richman, LK;Pitra, C
通讯作者：
Pitra, C