The Basis of the Syllable Hierarchy: Articulatory Pressures or Universal Phonological Constraints?
The Basis of the Syllable Hierarchy: Articulatory Pressures or Universal Phonological Constraints?
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音节层次的基础：发音压力还是普遍的音系限制？
DOI：
--
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
I. Berent
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xu Zhao;I. Berent
在不同语言中，某些音节类型系统地比其他类型更受青睐（例如，blif＞bnif＞bdif＞lbif，其中＞表示一种偏好）。先前的研究表明，这些偏好活跃于个体说话者的大脑中，即使这些音节类型在参与者的语言中都不存在，甚至当刺激以书面形式呈现时，这种偏好也是明显的。这些结果表明，音节层级不能归结为词汇或听觉/语音压力。在此，我们检验音节层级是否是由于发音压力造成的。根据运动具身观，对语言刺激的感知需要模拟其产生过程；不受青睐的音节（例如lbif）普遍不受喜欢，是因为它们的产生更难模拟。为了探究这种可能性，我们在机械性地抑制发音的情况下评估了音节偏好。我们的四个实验都发现了抑制的显著影响。值得注意的是，无论是否受到抑制，人们对音节层级仍然敏感。具体而言，听觉材料的实验结果（实验1 - 2）表明，无论是否受到抑制，音节结构都有很强的影响。此外，即使在控制了我们听觉材料的若干语音特征的情况下，音节结构也能独特地解释听者的行为。书面刺激的实验结果（实验3 - 4）更为复杂，因为这些实验中的参与者同时依赖语音和字素信息。尽管如此，读者对大部分音节层级（例如，blif＞bnif＞bdif）是敏感的，并且这些偏好在发音被抑制时出现，甚至当通过回归分析控制我们材料的统计特性时也会出现。总之，这些发现表明说话者拥有广泛的语法偏好，这些偏好不能归结为感觉或运动因素。
Across languages, certain syllable types are systematically preferred to others (e.g., blif≻bnif≻bdif≻\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${ blif}\succ { bnif}\succ { bdif}\succ $$\end{document}lbif, where ≻\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\succ $$\end{document} indicates a preference). Previous research has shown that these preferences are active in the brains of individual speakers, they are evident even when none of these syllable types exists in participants’ language, and even when the stimuli are presented in print. These results suggest that the syllable hierarchy cannot be reduced to either lexical or auditory/phonetic pressures. Here, we examine whether the syllable hierarchy is due to articulatory pressures. According to the motor embodiment view, the perception of a linguistic stimulus requires simulating its production; dispreferred syllables (e.g., lbif) are universally disliked because their production is harder to simulate. To address this possibility, we assessed syllable preferences while articulation was mechanically suppressed. Our four experiments each found significant effects of suppression. Remarkably, people remained sensitive to the syllable hierarchy regardless of suppression. Specifically, results with auditory materials (Experiments 1–2) showed strong effects of syllable structure irrespective of suppression. Moreover, syllable structure uniquely accounted for listeners’ behavior even when controlling for several phonetic characteristics of our auditory materials. Results with printed stimuli (Experiments 3–4) were more complex, as participants in these experiments relied on both phonological and graphemic information. Nonetheless, readers were sensitive to most of the syllable hierarchy (e.g., blif≻bnif≻bdif\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${ blif}\succ { bnif}\succ { bdif}$$\end{document}), and these preferences emerged when articulation was suppressed, and even when the statistical properties of our materials were controlled via a regression analysis. Together, these findings indicate that speakers possess broad grammatical preferences that are irreducible to either sensory or motor factors.
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影响因子：
5.4
作者：
G. C. Orden;Bruce F. Pennington;Gregory O. Stone
通讯作者：
G. C. Orden;Bruce F. Pennington;Gregory O. Stone
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.30.1.151
发表时间：
2004-02-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Lukatela, G;Eaton, T;Turvey, MT
通讯作者：
Turvey, MT
印刷语言和口语的语音表征是否同构？
DOI：
10.1037/0096-1523.34.5.1288
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance
影响因子：
--
作者：
Berent,Iris
通讯作者：
Berent,Iris
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Acuna, BD;Eliassen, JC;Sanes, JN
通讯作者：
Sanes, JN