Anomalous HIV-1 RNA, How Cap-Methylation Segregates Viral Transcripts by Form and Function.

Anomalous HIV-1 RNA, How Cap-Methylation Segregates Viral Transcripts by Form and Function.
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DOI:
10.3390/v14050935
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发表时间:
2022-04-29
期刊:
Viruses
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
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其他
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m7g -cap结合蛋白的获得现在被认为是驱动宿主rna形式和功能的主要变量。本文比较了5 ' -cap- rna结合蛋白与HIV-1前体rna、宿主mrna、小核(sn)和小核仁(sno) rna结合,并将其分类为不同的rna -命运途径。在转录周期完成之前,新生II类rna的转录起始位点附加在甲基化(m7G-cap)的非模板鸟苷上,并由异二聚体CBP80-CBP20 cap结合复合体(CBC)结合。CBC是前体rna到mrna的共转录加工以及剪接体和核糖体核糖核蛋白(RNPs)的snRNA和snoRNA的纽带。就像sn/sn - rna经历m7G-cap到三甲基鸟苷(TMG)-cap的超甲基化一样,HIV rna和一组新兴的mrna也是如此。TMG-cap无法进行Watson:Crick碱基配对,无法参与二级结构。HIV TMG-cap已被证明可以允许选择病毒转录物进行特殊的cap依赖性翻译起始,而不需要依赖于CBP80/NCBP3的eIF4E。HIV前体rna的特殊活性确保它们在适当的化学计量中进入sn/snoRNAs、规范和非规范宿主mrna的成熟途径,以执行逆转录病毒复制周期。
The acquisition of m7G-cap-binding proteins is now recognized as a major variable driving the form and function of host RNAs. This manuscript compares the 5′-cap-RNA binding proteins that engage HIV-1 precursor RNAs, host mRNAs, small nuclear (sn)- and small nucleolar (sno) RNAs and sort into disparate RNA-fate pathways. Before completion of the transcription cycle, the transcription start site of nascent class II RNAs is appended to a non-templated guanosine that is methylated (m7G-cap) and bound by hetero-dimeric CBP80-CBP20 cap binding complex (CBC). The CBC is a nexus for the co-transcriptional processing of precursor RNAs to mRNAs and the snRNA and snoRNA of spliceosomal and ribosomal ribonucleoproteins (RNPs). Just as sn/sno-RNAs experience hyper-methylation of m7G-cap to trimethylguanosine (TMG)-cap, so do select HIV RNAs and an emerging cohort of mRNAs. TMG-cap is blocked from Watson:Crick base pairing and disqualified from participating in secondary structure. The HIV TMG-cap has been shown to license select viral transcripts for specialized cap-dependent translation initiation without eIF4E that is dependent upon CBP80/NCBP3. The exceptional activity of HIV precursor RNAs secures their access to maturation pathways of sn/snoRNAs, canonical and non-canonical host mRNAs in proper stoichiometry to execute the retroviral replication cycle.
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