Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases.
Pattern recognition receptors in health and diseases.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41392-021-00687-0
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发表时间：
2021-08-04
影响因子：
39.3
通讯作者：
Wu M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li D;Wu M
模式识别受体（PRR）是一类能够直接识别病原体、凋亡宿主细胞和受损衰老细胞表面特定分子结构的受体。 PRR 桥接非特异性免疫和特异性免疫。通过配体的识别和结合，PRRs可以产生非特异性抗感染、抗肿瘤等免疫保护作用。脊椎动物先天免疫系统中的大多数PRR根据蛋白结构域同源性可分为以下五种类型：Toll样受体（TLR）、核苷酸寡聚结构域（NOD）样受体（NLR）、视黄酸诱导基因-I（RIG-I）样受体（RLR）、C型凝集素受体 (CLR)，并且在黑色素瘤 2 (AIM2) 样受体 (ALR) 中不存在。 PRR 基本上由配体识别域、中间域和效应域组成。 PRR识别并结合各自的配体，并通过其效应域招募具有相同结构的接头分子，启动下游信号通路发挥作用。近年来，对PRRs及其配体识别和结合的研究不断增多，极大地促进了对不同PRRs信号通路的认识，为免疫相关疾病甚至肿瘤的治疗提供了思路。本文详细介绍了不同类型PRR的历史、结构特点、配体识别机制、信号通路、相关疾病、临床试验新药及临床治疗等，探讨了模式识别机制研究对治疗PRR相关疾病的意义。
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are a class of receptors that can directly recognize the specific molecular structures on the surface of pathogens, apoptotic host cells, and damaged senescent cells. PRRs bridge nonspecific immunity and specific immunity. Through the recognition and binding of ligands, PRRs can produce nonspecific anti-infection, antitumor, and other immunoprotective effects. Most PRRs in the innate immune system of vertebrates can be classified into the following five types based on protein domain homology: Toll-like receptors (TLRs), nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs), retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), and absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2)-like receptors (ALRs). PRRs are basically composed of ligand recognition domains, intermediate domains, and effector domains. PRRs recognize and bind their respective ligands and recruit adaptor molecules with the same structure through their effector domains, initiating downstream signaling pathways to exert effects. In recent years, the increased researches on the recognition and binding of PRRs and their ligands have greatly promoted the understanding of different PRRs signaling pathways and provided ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases and even tumors. This review describes in detail the history, the structural characteristics, ligand recognition mechanism, the signaling pathway, the related disease, new drugs in clinical trials and clinical therapy of different types of PRRs, and discusses the significance of the research on pattern recognition mechanism for the treatment of PRR-related diseases.
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