Nasal airflow in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) based on a combined histological, computed tomographic and computational fluid dynamics methodology
Nasal airflow in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus) based on a combined histological, computed tomographic and computational fluid dynamics methodology
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基于组织学、计算机断层扫描和计算流体动力学相结合的方法研究侏儒懒猴 (Nycticebus pygmaeus) 的鼻气流
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
V. DeLeon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Smith;B. Craven;Serena M Engel;C. Bonar;V. DeLeon
摘要“巨型”哺乳动物的鼻腔内有专门的嗅觉区域，并有独立的气流用于嗅觉和呼吸空调。在这里，我们检查了侏儒懒猴 (Nycticebus pygmaeus) 的嗅觉表面积 (SA) 和鼻腔气流模式的 3D 分布，侏儒懒猴是一种具有原始鼻腔的灵长类动物，除了会聚在后背鼻区域的放大的眼睛之外。我们使用成年懒猴尸体的头部，共同配准显微计算机断层扫描 (CT) 切片和组织学切片，以创建嗅粘膜分布的 3D 重建。组织学切片用于测量嗅觉表面积并注释 CT 重建。懒猴有一个复杂的嗅凹（约占鼻腔总面积的 19%），并有多个嗅鼻甲。然而，第一筛鼻甲有一个喙突，延伸到嗅隐窝前方很远的地方，内衬约90%的非嗅觉上皮。只有一个（三个）额叶盘具有嗅粘膜。对鼻腔气流和气味沉积的计算流体动力学模拟表明，懒猴鼻子中存在一些呼吸和嗅觉流动的分离，但它并不像经过充分研究的“宏观物质”（例如狗）那样明显。在懒猴中，气流在内侧和外侧被隔离到垂直拉长的板状第一筛涡轮。因此，懒猴可以说具有某些宏观解剖特征（例如嗅觉隐窝），但不像犬科动物那样具有针对嗅觉优化的分离鼻气流模式。这些结果意味着二元“微观/宏观”二分法不存在。相反，哺乳动物在鼻甲和隐窝的特殊化方面似乎表现出复杂的趋势。摘要：对成年懒猴的微型计算机断层扫描切片和组织学切片进行联合注册以模拟鼻腔气流，结果表明嗅觉和呼吸气流是分离的，但由于这种灵长类动物眼睛增大、会聚，一些嗅觉区域可能会缩小。
ABSTRACT ‘Macrosmatic’ mammals have dedicated olfactory regions within their nasal cavity and segregated airstreams for olfaction and respiratory air-conditioning. Here, we examined the 3D distribution of olfactory surface area (SA) and nasal airflow patterns in the pygmy slow loris (Nycticebus pygmaeus), a primate with primitive nasal cavities, except for enlarged eyes that converge upon the posterodorsal nasal region. Using the head of an adult loris cadaver, we co-registered micro-computed tomography (CT) slices and histology sections to create a 3D reconstruction of the olfactory mucosa distribution. Histological sections were used to measure olfactory surface area and to annotate CT reconstructions. The loris has a complex olfactory recess (∼19% of total nasal SA) with multiple olfactory turbinals. However, the first ethmoturbinal has a rostral projection that extends far anterior to the olfactory recess, lined by ∼90% non-olfactory epithelium. Only one (of three) frontoturbinals bears olfactory mucosa. Computational fluid dynamics simulations of nasal airflow and odorant deposition revealed that there is some segregation of respiratory and olfactory flow in the loris nose, but that it is not as distinct as in well-studied ‘macrosmats' (e.g. the dog). In the loris, airflow is segregated medially and laterally to vertically elongated, plate-like first ethmoturbinals. Thus, lorises may be said to have certain macrosmatic anatomical characteristics (e.g. olfactory recess), but not segregated nasal airflow patterns that are optimized for olfaction, as in canids. These results imply that a binary ‘microsmatic/macrosmatic’ dichotomy does not exist. Rather, mammals appear to exhibit complex trends with respect to specialization of the turbinals and recesses. Summary: Micro-computed tomography slices and histology sections of an adult loris co-registered for simulation of nasal airflow reveal that olfactory and respiratory airflow are segregated, but some olfactory areas may be reduced as a result of the enlarged, convergent eyes in this primate.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Gignac PM;Kley NJ;Clarke JA;Colbert MW;Morhardt AC;Cerio D;Cost IN;Cox PG;Daza JD;Early CM;Echols MS;Henkelman RM;Herdina AN;Holliday CM;Li Z;Mahlow K;Merchant S;Müller J;Orsbon CP;Paluh DJ;Thies ML;Tsai HP;Witmer LM
通讯作者：
Witmer LM
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Coppola, David M.;Fitzwater, Emily;Craven, Brent A.
通讯作者：
Craven, Brent A.