The role of small GTPases in bisphenol AF-induced multinucleation in comparison with dibutyl phthalate in the male germ cells.

The role of small GTPases in bisphenol AF-induced multinucleation in comparison with dibutyl phthalate in the male germ cells.
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与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯在雄性生殖细胞中相比,小 GTP 酶在双酚 AF 诱导的多核中的作用。

DOI:
10.1093/toxsci/kfad005
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发表时间:
2023
期刊:
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Yu,Xiaozhong
Yu,Xiaozhong
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hu,Chelin;Hsiao,ZoeyHsuan;Yin,Lei;Yu,Xiaozhong

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本研究的目的是检查双酚 AF (BPAF) 诱导的多核化 (MNC) 与邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP) 的比较,已知邻苯二甲酸二丁酯 (DBP) 已知可在小鼠生殖细胞体内诱导 MNC。我们对用不同浓度的 BPAF 和 DBP 处理的小鼠精原细胞 C18-4 细胞进行了基于图像的单细胞高内涵分析 (HCA)。低至 5μM 的 BPAF 具有细胞毒性,72 小时后导致 C18-4 细胞 40% 的细胞死亡。 HCA 显示,5μM BPAF 使 MNC 数量平均显着增加 3.6 倍。在我们测试的剂量中,DBP 不会诱导 MNC。细胞分裂受到各种小型 GTP 酶信号通路的严格调控。因此,我们测试了 5 种选择性 GTPase 抑制剂,发现 ROCK 抑制剂 Y27632 使 BPAF 诱导的 MNC 减少了近 30%。 ML141 对 Cdc42 的抑制反而增加了 BPAF 诱导的 MNC 的数量。我们对 HCA 数据进行了层次聚类分析,并证明 BPAF 造成的细胞骨架破坏被 Y27632 反向修饰。我们发现,在 BPAF 处理的 C18-4 细胞中,调节 Rho 和 Rac GTPase 活性的基因 p190RhoGap 和 MgcRacGap 的 mRNA 表达以时间依赖性方式发生改变。多核生殖细胞通常是疾病病理的指标。我们的结果提供了 BPAF 对雄性生殖细胞双重毒性机制的第一个证据,该机制在没有协调的细胞因子细胞成分的情况下诱导染色体内复制。形成多核生殖细胞的独特基因毒性机制表明,在日益普遍存在的 BPA 类似物引起的男性生殖毒性问题中,存在一种新的作用模式。
The goal of this study is to examine bisphenol AF (BPAF)-induced multinucleation (MNC) in comparison with dibutyl phthalate (DBP), known to induce MNC in mouse gonocytesin vivo. We performed image-based single-cell high content analysis (HCA) in the mouse spermatogonia C18-4 cells treated with various concentrations of BPAF and DBP. BPAF as low as 5 µM was cytotoxic and resulted in 40% cell death of the C18-4 cells after 72 h. HCA revealed that 5 µM of BPAF significantly increased the number of MNC by an average of 3.6-fold. DBP did not induce MNC in the doses we tested. Cytokinesis is tightly regulated by various small GTPase-signaling pathways. We, therefore, tested 5 selective GTPase inhibitors and found that Y27632, a ROCK inhibitor, reduced the BPAF-induced MNC by nearly 30%. Inhibition of Cdc42 by ML141 conversely increased the number of BPAF-induced MNC. We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of the HCA data and demonstrated that the cytoskeletal disruption by BPAF was reversely modified by Y27632. We found that mRNA expression of genes regulating Rho and Rac GTPase activities, p190RhoGap and MgcRacGap, was altered in BPAF-treated C18-4 cells in a time-dependent manner. Multinucleated gonocytes are often indicators of disease pathologies. Our results provided the first evidence of mechanisms of the dual toxicity by BPAF to male germ cells, which induces chromosome endoreplication without the coordinated cytokinetic cellular components. The unique genotoxic mechanism of forming multinucleated germ cells suggests a novel mode of action in the male repro-toxicity concern over the increasingly ubiquitous presence of BPA analogs.
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