The origin of the expressed retrotransposed gene ACTBL2 and its influence on human melanoma cells' motility and focal adhesion formation.

The origin of the expressed retrotransposed gene ACTBL2 and its influence on human melanoma cells' motility and focal adhesion formation.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41598-021-82074-x
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发表时间:
2021-02-08
期刊:
影响因子:
4.6
通讯作者:
Mazur AJ
Mazur AJ
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Malek N;Michrowska A;Mazurkiewicz E;Mrówczyńska E;Mackiewicz P;Mazur AJ

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我们最近发现β-肌动蛋白样蛋白2 (actbl2)在人类黑色素瘤细胞中与凝胶形成复合物并可以聚合。系统发育和生物信息学分析表明,actbl2与两种非肌动蛋白有共同的起源,而非肌动蛋白与肌动蛋白有着不同的历史。肌动蛋白群的分化始于脊椎动物进化之初,actbl2肌动蛋白在所有肌动蛋白中具有非保守氨基酸取代最多的特点。我们还发现,ACTBL2在几种黑色素瘤细胞系中表达水平非常低,但一小部分细胞表现出高水平的ACTBL2表达。我们发现,敲除ACTBL2 (CR-ACTBL2)或过表达ACTBL2 (OE-ACTBL2)的克隆在侵袭、局点黏附形成、肌动蛋白聚合比率以及板足和应力纤维的形成方面与对照细胞不同。因此,我们假设actbl2是肌动蛋白的第七种异构体,对细胞运动至关重要。
We have recently found that β-actin-like protein 2 (actbl2) forms complexes with gelsolin in human melanoma cells and can polymerize. Phylogenetic and bioinformatic analyses showed that actbl2 has a common origin with two non-muscle actins, which share a separate history from the muscle actins. The actin groups’ divergence started at the beginning of vertebrate evolution, and actbl2 actins are characterized by the largest number of non-conserved amino acid substitutions of all actins. We also discovered that ACTBL2 is expressed at a very low level in several melanoma cell lines, but a small subset of cells exhibited a high ACTBL2 expression. We found that clones with knocked-out ACTBL2 (CR-ACTBL2) or overexpressing actbl2 (OE-ACTBL2) differ from control cells in the invasion, focal adhesion formation, and actin polymerization ratio, as well as in the formation of lamellipodia and stress fibers. Thus, we postulate that actbl2 is the seventh actin isoform and is essential for cell motility.
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