Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson's disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study.
Intelligence, education level, and risk of Parkinson's disease in European populations: A Mendelian randomization study.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2022.963163
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Shi, Changhe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shi, Jingjing;Tian, Jie;Fan, Yu;Hao, Xiaoyan;Li, Mengjie;Li, Jiadi;Ma, Dongrui;Guo, Mengnan;Li, Shuangjie;Xu, Yuming;Shi, Changhe
关键词：
背景：据报道，高教育或高智商(IQ)是帕金森病(PD)的危险因素。本研究的目的是系统地考察智商、教育程度、认知表现和帕金森病之间的因果关系。方法：我们使用了关于智商、EA、认知表现和PD的全基因组关联研究的汇总统计数据。本研究利用PD的4个全基因组关联研究(GWAS)资料，包括PD Gwas(不分性别)、发病年龄、男性PD Gwas和女性PD Gwas资料，综合探讨了PD的因果关系。我们使用逆方差加权(IVW)、加权中值、简单模式和加权模式方法进行了两个样本的孟德尔随机化(MR)研究，以评估这些因素之间的因果关系。用MR-Egger和MR-PRESSO进行敏感性分析，以检验和校正水平多效性。多变量MR(MVMR)也被用来解释IQ、EA和认知之间的协变，以及探索潜在的中介因素。结果：遗传预测的高智商与整个人群中帕金森病风险的增加有关，无论性别。在使用IVW方法进行分析时，优势比为1.37(p=0.0064)。与女性相比，智商较高、受教育年限较长或认知能力较强的男性更容易患上帕金森氏症。MVMR显示，对教育和认知的调整在很大程度上减弱了智商和帕金森病之间的联系，这表明教育和认知可能在智商对帕金森病的影响中起到中介作用。结论：本研究为高智商与帕金森病风险增加之间的因果联系提供了遗传学支持。
Background: A high level of education or intelligence (IQ) is reported to be a risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the causal relationships between IQ, educational attainment (EA), cognitive performance, and PD. Methods: We used summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on IQ, EA, cognitive performance, and PD. Four genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for PD were used to comprehensively explore the causal relationship, including PD GWAS (regardless of sex), age at onset of PD GWAS, male with PD GWAS, and female with PD GWAS data. We conducted a two sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods to evaluate the causal association between these factors. MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were used for sensitivity analysis to test and correct horizontal pleiotropy. Multivariate MR (MVMR) was also used to account for the covariation between IQ, EA, and cognition, as well as to explore potential mediating factors. Results: Genetically predicted higher IQ was associated with an increased risk of PD in the entire population, regardless of gender. In the analyses using the IVW method, the odds ratio was 1.37 (p = 0.0064). Men with a higher IQ, more years of education, or stronger cognitive ability are more likely to develop PD compared to women. MVMR showed that adjusting for education and cognition largely attenuated the association between IQ and PD, suggesting that education and cognition may mediate the effect of IQ on PD. Conclusion: This study provides genetic support for the causal link between higher IQ and an increased risk of PD.
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基因发现和多基因预测，从基因组全基因组协会的教育程度研究中，有110万个人。
影响因子：
30.8
作者：
Lee JJ;Wedow R;Okbay A;Kong E;Maghzian O;Zacher M;Nguyen-Viet TA;Bowers P;Sidorenko J;Karlsson Linnér R;Fontana MA;Kundu T;Lee C;Li H;Li R;Royer R;Timshel PN;Walters RK;Willoughby EA;Yengo L;23andMe Research Team;COGENT (Cognitive Genomics Consortium);Social Science Genetic Association Consortium;Alver M;Bao Y;Clark DW;Day FR;Furlotte NA;Joshi PK;Kemper KE;Kleinman A;Langenberg C;Mägi R;Trampush JW;Verma SS;Wu Y;Lam M;Zhao JH;Zheng Z;Boardman JD;Campbell H;Freese J;Harris KM;Hayward C;Herd P;Kumari M;Lencz T;Luan J;Malhotra AK;Metspalu A;Milani L;Ong KK;Perry JRB;Porteous DJ;Ritchie MD;Smart MC;Smith BH;Tung JY;Wareham NJ;Wilson JF;Beauchamp JP;Conley DC;Esko T;Lehrer SF;Magnusson PKE;Oskarsson S;Pers TH;Robinson MR;Thom K;Watson C;Chabris CF;Meyer MN;Laibson DI;Yang J;Johannesson M;Koellinger PD;Turley P;Visscher PM;Benjamin DJ;Cesarini D
通讯作者：
Cesarini D
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
Bowden J;Davey Smith G;Haycock PC;Burgess S
通讯作者：
Burgess S
影响因子：
3.1
作者：
Lv Y;Xu B;Zhang X;Chen C;Gao Y;Li N
通讯作者：
Li N
影响因子：
2
作者：
Davies, Neil M.;Scholder, Stephanie von Hinke Kessler;Farbmacher, Helmut;Burgess, Stephen;Windmeijer, Frank;Smith, George Davey
通讯作者：
Smith, George Davey
影响因子：
9.9
作者：
Frigerio, R;Elbaz, A;Rocca, WA
通讯作者：
Rocca, WA