Towards a universal influenza vaccine: different approaches for one goal.
Towards a universal influenza vaccine: different approaches for one goal.
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迈向普遍的流感疫苗：一个目标的不同方法。
DOI：
10.1186/s12985-017-0918-y
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发表时间：
2018-01-19
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Ross TM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sautto GA;Kirchenbaum GA;Ross TM
流感病毒感染是一种持续的健康和经济负担，引起具有大流行潜力的流行病，每年影响5-30%的全球人口，并且每年造成数百万人住院和数千人死亡。每年接种流感疫苗是旨在限制流感负担的主要预防措施。然而，目前的流感疫苗的有效性是有限的，因为它们仅在所选疫苗株和流行的流感分离株之间存在抗原相似性时才赋予保护性免疫。针对流感病毒的抗体应答的主要靶标是表面糖蛋白抗原血凝素（HA）和神经氨酸酶（NA）。编码HA和NA的氨基酸序列的高变异性在很大程度上是流行性和大流行性流感爆发的原因，并且分别是抗原漂移或转变的结果。因此，如果目前的疫苗和流行的流感分离株之间存在抗原错配，接种疫苗的人可能无法获得完全的保护。目前存在开发有效的“广泛反应性”或“通用”流感疫苗的未满足的需求，所述流感疫苗能够赋予针对季节性和新出现的大流行前毒株的保护。目前正在评估一些新的流感疫苗方法。一种方法是引发针对病毒的“脚后跟”（即季节性和大流行前毒株之间共有的保守病毒蛋白或蛋白区域）的免疫应答。或者，其他方法旨在引发更广泛的免疫应答，能够针对目前流行的季节性流感毒株的多样性提供保护。在这篇综述中，最有前途的开发中的通用疫苗的方法进行了讨论，重点是那些针对HA糖蛋白。特别是，他们的优势和潜在的缺点进行了讨论。最终，即将对这些通用疫苗方法进行的临床评估将是确定其预防流感病毒感染和/或减少传播和疾病严重程度的有效性的基础。
Influenza virus infection is an ongoing health and economic burden causing epidemics with pandemic potential, affecting 5–30% of the global population annually, and is responsible for millions of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year. Annual influenza vaccination is the primary prophylactic countermeasure aimed at limiting influenza burden. However, the effectiveness of current influenza vaccines are limited because they only confer protective immunity when there is antigenic similarity between the selected vaccine strains and circulating influenza isolates. The major targets of the antibody response against influenza virus are the surface glycoprotein antigens hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). Hypervariability of the amino acid sequences encoding HA and NA is largely responsible for epidemic and pandemic influenza outbreaks, and are the consequence of antigenic drift or shift, respectively. For this reason, if an antigenic mismatch exists between the current vaccine and circulating influenza isolates, vaccinated people may not be afforded complete protection. There is currently an unmet need to develop an effective “broadly-reactive” or “universal” influenza vaccine capable of conferring protection against both seasonal and newly emerging pre-pandemic strains. A number of novel influenza vaccine approaches are currently under evaluation. One approach is the elicitation of an immune response against the “Achille’s heel” of the virus, i.e. conserved viral proteins or protein regions shared amongst seasonal and pre-pandemic strains. Alternatively, other approaches aim toward eliciting a broader immune response capable of conferring protection against the diversity of currently circulating seasonal influenza strains. In this review, the most promising under-development universal vaccine approaches are discussed with an emphasis on those targeting the HA glycoprotein. In particular, their strengths and potential short-comings are discussed. Ultimately, the upcoming clinical evaluation of these universal vaccine approaches will be fundamental to determine their effectiveness against preventing influenza virus infection and/or reducing transmission and disease severity.
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影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Burioni, Roberto;Canducci, Filippo;Clementi, Massimo
通讯作者：
Clementi, Massimo
影响因子：
--
作者：
Castelli M;Cappelletti F;Diotti RA;Sautto G;Criscuolo E;Dal Peraro M;Clementi N
通讯作者：
Clementi N
影响因子：
17.1
作者：
Andrews SF;Huang Y;Kaur K;Popova LI;Ho IY;Pauli NT;Henry Dunand CJ;Taylor WM;Lim S;Huang M;Qu X;Lee JH;Salgado-Ferrer M;Krammer F;Palese P;Wrammert J;Ahmed R;Wilson PC
通讯作者：
Wilson PC
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Carter, Donald M.;Darby, Christopher A.;Ross, Ted M.
通讯作者：
Ross, Ted M.
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Eggink, Dirk;Goff, Peter H.;Palese, Peter
通讯作者：
Palese, Peter