Industry/University Cooperative Research Project: Fundamental Studies of Detergent Surface Active Phenomena

研究了阴离子和非离子表面活性剂如琥珀磺酸二辛酯钠和乙氧基醇在低温过程中去除含油土壤的基本机理。莱斯大学使用最近开发的实验技术进行的视频显微镜研究将揭示在各种条件下洗涤剂溶液与油接触时发生的动态行为的本质。壳牌开发公司使用放射性示踪剂进行的实验将确定在相同的洗涤剂和油以及相同的温度、水硬度、在这些实验中使用了各种纯表面活性化合物，包括带负电和不带负电的洗涤剂的混合物，以及在典型洗衣土壤中发现的类型的油和脂肪化合物。扩散路径理论将被用来提供对各种系统的平衡相行为方面的结果的基本理解。一个关键的目标是能够预测在原始洗涤剂溶液和油之间何时形成各种类型的微乳液或液晶，以及在增溶过程中何时发生自发乳化和相关的界面不稳定。

The basic mechanism by which anionic and nonionic surface-active agents such as Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate and ethoxylated alcohols remove oily soils during low-temperature processes is investigated. Videomicroscopy studies at Rice using a recently developed experimental technique will reveal the nature of the dynamic behavior which takes place when a detergent solution contacts oil under various conditions. Experiments at Shell Development Company using radioactive tracers will determine the degree of soil removal from small samples of fabric for the same detergents and oils and for the same conditions of temperatures, water hardness, and pH. A variety of pure surface-active compounds are used in these experiments including mixtures of negatively charged and uncharged detergents and oils and fatty compounds of the types found in typical laundry soils. Diffusion path theory will be used to provide a fundamental understanding of the results in terms of the equilibrium phase behavior of the various systems. A key objective is to be able to predict when various types of microemulsions or liquid crystals form between the original detergent solution and oil and when spontaneous emulsification and related interfacial instabilites occur during the solubilization process.