The Cycling and Deposition of Sulfur, Nitrogen and Organic Acids Over the North Atlantic Ocean

北大西洋上空硫、氮和有机酸的循环和沉积

• 批准号: 8701291
• 负责人: James Galloway
• 金额: $ 36.77万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-10-15 至 1992-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8701291&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Cycling; Deposition; Sulfur; Nitrogen; Organic

Over the past 10-15 years atmospheric chemistry has evolved from a young research discipline devoted primarily to local problems of urban pollution and air quality to a mature science concerned with the hemispheric to global scale cycling of a wide variety of chemical species. To a large extent this change has resulted from an increasing realization that human activities can cause chemical disturbances to the natural troposphere on scales far beyond local concerns. Well-known examples include changes in the regional-to-global concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds, lead and other heavy metals, artificial radionuclides, a number of synthetic organic substances, certain acid-forming species, carbon dioxide and methane. These chemical changes in the atmosphere can often extend to the earth's soils, oceans, and biota far from the original source region. They can result in alterations in the earth's climate, changes in vital nutrient cycles, and impact significantly on the public health and quality of life on earth. The Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE) will be a coordinated multi-institutional atmospheric and marine chemistry research project centered in the North Atlantic region. The ultimate goal of the AEROCE project will be the development of a predictive capability for the continentally derived species observed in the marine troposphere over the North Atlantic. The selection of sites and the measurement protocol in AEROCE has been developed jointly by modelers and field experimentalists. Wet deposition will be collected at the four islands in the North Atlantic Ocean: Bermuda, Ireland, Barbados and Tenerife. The wet deposition will be analyzed for Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cl-, H+, NH4+, NO3-, SO4=, and methanesulfonate (MSA). The resulting data and their variability will be used to establish a chemical climatology for wet deposition over the North Atlantic Ocean. The sources (natural and anthropogenic) that affect the composition of wet deposition will be investigated. The sampling sites are downwind of North America and thus are ideal stations for investigating not only the fate of the North American plume but also the interaction of the plume with the North Atlantic Ocean background atmosphere.

在过去的10-15年里，大气化学从 一门年轻的研究学科，主要致力于研究当地的 城市污染和空气质量成为一门成熟的科学， 从半球到全球范围内各种化学物质循环 物种 在很大程度上，这种变化是由于 人们越来越认识到人类活动会导致化学物质 对自然对流层的扰动，其规模远远超过当地 性问题 众所周知的例子包括 某些含氮化合物、铅 和其他重金属、人造放射性核素、若干 合成有机物、某些酸形成物种、碳 二氧化碳和甲烷。 大气中的这些化学变化 通常延伸到地球的土壤、海洋和生物群，远离 原始源极区域。 它们会导致 地球气候、重要营养循环的变化以及 对地球上的公众健康和生活质量有着重大的影响。 大气/海洋化学实验（AEROCE）将是 协调的多机构大气和海洋化学 以北大西洋地区为中心的研究项目。 最终 AEROCE项目的目标是开发一种预测性的 对来自大陆物种的能力 北大西洋海洋对流层。 的选址 AEROCE中的测量协议是由 建模人员和现场实验人员。 将在北部的四个岛屿收集湿沉积物 大西洋：百慕大，爱尔兰，巴贝多和特内里费岛。 湿 将分析沉积物中的Ca++、Mg++、Na+、K+、Cl-、H+、NH 4+， NO3-、SO 4 =和甲磺酸盐（MSA）。 结果数据及其 变率将被用来建立湿的化学气候学 沉积在北大西洋。 来源（自然和 人为的），影响湿沉降的组成将是 研究了 采样点位于北美的顺风处， 因此，不仅是研究人类命运的理想场所， 北美烟羽，而且烟羽与 北大西洋背景大气。