Materials World Network: Ceramic Anode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with High Performance and Tolerances Towards Carbon Deposition and Sulfur Poisoning

材料世界网络：陶瓷阳极支持的固体氧化物燃料电池，具有高性能和抗碳沉积和硫中毒的能力

• 批准号: 1210792
• 负责人: Fanglin Chen
• 金额: $ 38万
• 依托单位: University South Carolina Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-15 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1210792&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Materials; World; Network; Ceramic; Anode

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can convert fuels to electricity with increased efficiency, reduced pollution, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The deactivation of the anode from the practical fuels is a major barrier to realize the commercial and environmental benefits of the SOFC technology. This Materials World Network project is bringing a new paradigm to overcome electrode deactivation issues, significantly enhance SOFC performance and durability and consequently facilitate the rapid application and commercialization of the SOFC technology. Widespread deployment of the SOFC technology will make energy conversion more efficient and more environmentally benign. The collaborative project is educating and preparing US graduate students with a global perspective and multidisciplinary skills needed to tackle complex problems in areas of material science and energy conversion technologies. Outreach to the public and underrepresented groups from this project will not only place into context the societal need for efficient, alternative sources of power production, but also help to prepare a qualified workforce to overcome the many challenges that impede the development and deployment of fuel cell technologies. TECHNICAL DETAILS: The objective of this Materials World Network project between the University of South Carolina and the China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing is to fabricate, characterize and elucidate mechanisms of high performance ceramic anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) with enhanced tolerance to carbon deposition (coking) and sulfur poisoning in order to achieve direct conversion of practical fuels to electricity using SOFC technologies. Double perovskite materials with compositions of Sr2FexMo2-xO6-y (x varies from 1 to 2) are being created specifically to overcome the durability problems that limit the lifetime of conventional anodes. Fundamental understanding of the double perovskite materials are guiding further development of mixed ionic and electronic conducting ceramic materials as SOFC anodes. Freeze-drying tape casting is being used to create and maintain porous ceramic anode microstructure to reduce concentration polarization. Novel sintering process with sintering aids are being studied to obtain gas impermeable thin electrolyte membrane to reduce Ohmic losses. A variety of advanced characterization methods are being applied, including X-ray and neutron diffraction, electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, dilatometry, and micro X-ray computed tomography to deconvolute the composition, microstructure, defect chemistry, and electrochemical and catalytic property relationships. This project is supported by the Ceramics Program and the Office of Special Programs in the Division of Materials Research.

非技术描述：固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)可以将燃料转化为电能，效率更高，污染更少，温室气体排放更少。实际燃料中的阳极失活是实现SOFC技术商业和环境效益的主要障碍。这个材料世界网络项目正在带来一种新的范式，以克服电极失活问题，显著提高SOFC的性能和耐用性，从而促进SOFC技术的快速应用和商业化。SOFC技术的广泛应用将使能源转换更高效、更环保。该合作项目正在培养和培养美国研究生，他们具有全球视野和多学科技能，需要解决材料科学和能源转换技术领域的复杂问题。通过该项目与公众和代表性不足的群体进行接触，不仅将考虑到社会对高效、替代电力生产来源的需求，还将有助于培养一支合格的劳动力队伍，以克服阻碍燃料电池技术开发和部署的许多挑战。技术细节：南卡罗来纳大学和北京中国矿业大学的这个材料世界网络项目的目标是制造、表征和阐明高性能陶瓷阳极支撑的固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)的机理，该电池具有更强的抗碳沉积(结焦)和硫中毒的能力，以便利用SOFC技术实现实用燃料到电能的直接转换。具有组成为Sr2FexMo2-xO6-y(x从1到2)的双钙钛矿材料正在专门被创造出来，以克服限制传统阳极寿命的耐久性问题。对双钙钛矿材料的基本认识将指导离子和电子混合导电陶瓷材料作为SOFC阳极的进一步发展。冷冻干燥流延技术被用来制造和维护多孔陶瓷阳极微结构，以减少浓差极化。为了获得不透气的薄电解液膜以降低欧姆损耗，人们正在研究使用新型助烧剂的烧结工艺。人们正在应用各种先进的表征方法，包括X射线和中子衍射、电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、电化学阻抗谱、膨胀法和微型X射线计算机断层扫描，以了解材料的组成、微观结构、缺陷化学以及电化学和催化性能之间的关系。该项目得到了陶瓷项目和材料研究部特别项目办公室的支持。