Trace Elements and Radionuclides in North Atlantic Precipitation

在过去的10-15年里，大气化学从 一门年轻的研究学科，主要致力于研究当地的 城市污染和空气质量成为一门成熟的科学， 从半球到全球范围各种化学物质循环 物种 在很大程度上，这种变化是由于 越来越多的人认识到，人类活动可能会导致化学物质 对自然对流层的扰动，其规模远远超过当地 性问题 众所周知的例子包括 某些含氮化合物、铅、 和其他重金属，人工放射性核素，一些 合成有机物、某些产酸物质、碳 二氧化碳和甲烷。 大气中的这些化学变化 经常延伸到地球的土壤，海洋和远离地球的生物群。 原产地。 它们会导致 地球气候、重要营养循环的变化及其影响 对地球上的公众健康和生活质量有着重大影响。 大气/海洋化学实验（AEROCE） 协调的多机构大气和海洋化学 研究项目集中在北大西洋地区。 最终 AEROCE项目的目标是开发一种预测性的 在海洋中观察到的来自大陆的物种的能力 北大西洋上空的海洋对流层。 的选址 AEROCE中的测量协议是由 建模者和实地实验者。 AEROCE项目的这一部分涉及检查 微量元素（Al、As、Cd、Cu、Fe、Mn、Ni、Sb、Se和Zn） 北大西洋降水量，以评估大气传输 以及来自大陆的物质向海洋的沉积。 的 选择北大西洋是因为它被相对 这些元素的强烈自然和人为来源。 对降水进行取样是因为它主要负责痕量 来自海洋对流层的元素沉积。 数据将 与相关的气溶胶进行比较，以帮助确定 北大西洋上空的微量元素，以帮助确认 气团轨迹信息，并帮助评估 海洋降水去除微量元素。 相应的湿 通量数据将揭示降水对北半球的贡献 大西洋微量元素预算。 具体来说，这些潮湿的大气 通量构成全球海洋通量的重要部分， 最终影响海洋表面的生物生产力 沃茨。 为了实现研究目标，P.I.的将利用一个 精心挑选的微量元素套件，采用天气预报 收集程序，通过相互校准确保数据准确 和质量控制协议，并与其他 研究成果

Over the past 10-15 years atmospheric chemistry has evolved from a young research discipline devoted primarily to local problems of urban pollution and air quality to a mature science concerned with the hemispheric to global scale cycling of a wide variety of chemical species. To a large extent this change has resulted from an increasing realization that human activities can cause chemical disturbances to the natural troposphere on scales far beyond local concerns. Well-known examples include changes in the regional-to-global concentrations of certain nitrogen compounds, lead and other heavy metals, artificial radionuclides, a number of synthetic organic substances, certain acid-forming species, carbon dioxide and methane. These chemical changes in the atmosphere can often extend to the earth's soils, oceans, and biota far from the original source region. They can result in alterations in the earth's climate, changes in vital nutrient cycles, and impact significantly on the public health and quality of life on earth. The Atmosphere/Ocean Chemistry Experiment (AEROCE) will be a coordinated multi-institutional atmospheric and marine chemistry research project centered in the North Atlantic region. The ultimate goal of the AEROCE project will be the development of a predictive capability for the continentally derived species observed in the marine troposphere over the North Atlantic. The selection of sites and the measurement protocol in AEROCE has been developed jointly by modelers and field experimentalists. This element of the AEROCE project is concerned with examining trace elements (Al, As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Sb, Se, and Zn) in precipitation to the North Atlantic to assess atmospheric transport and deposition of continentally derived material to the sea. The North Atlantic is chosen because it is surrounded by relatively strong natural and anthropogenic sources of these elements. Precipitation is sampled because it is largely responsible for trace element deposition from the marine troposphere. The data will be compared to that in associated aerosols to help identify sources of trace elements over the North Atlantic, to help confirm associated air mass trajectory information, and to help evaluate the extent of trace element removal by marine precipitation. The corresponding wet flux data will reveal the contribution of precipitation to North Atlantic trace elements budgets. Specifically, these wet atmospheric fluxes comprise a significant portion of the global ocean flux and ultimately influence the biological productivity of oceanic surface waters. To meet the research objectives, the P.I.'s will utilize a carefully selected suite of trace elements, employ synoptic collection procedures, ensure accurate data through intercalibration and quality control protocols, and integrate fully with other research results.