Quantum Theory of Low-Dimensional Condensed Matter (Materials Research)

随着高特异性外延生长薄膜（如极薄的颗粒金属薄膜）和层状结构（如半导体异质结）的复杂实验方法的出现，探索各种具有良好表征的二维电子系统的特性成为可能。各种现代光刻技术进一步拓宽了可研究的人工二维结构的范围。特别是，在低温下的各种实验揭示了这些二维结构中令人惊讶的宏观量子现象的丰富性：整数和分数量子化霍尔效应，超导开始时的量子效应，约瑟夫森结阵列中的电阻振荡，以及正常金属中的电阻波动和Aharanov-Bohm振荡等等。提出的研究涉及量子现象在一个，特别是二维系统中的各种宏观表现。工作主题分为四个基本类别：1)量子霍尔效应，2)粒状或其他强无序超导材料薄膜中的量子效应，3)涉及一维以上构型空间的模型隧道问题，以及4)准一维有机导体的性质。

With the advent of sophisticated experimental methods for the synthesis of highly specific epitaxially grown films (such as extremely thin films of granular metals) and layered structures (such as semiconductor heterojunctions) it has become possible to explore the properties of a variety of well characterized two- dimensional electronic systems. Various modern lithographic techniques further broaden the range of artificial two- dimensional structures that can be studied. In particular, a variety of experiments at low temperatures have revealed in these two-dimensional structures a surprising richness of macroscopic quantum phenomena: the integer and fractionally quantized Hall effect, quantum effects in the onset of superconductivity, resistance oscillations in Josephson junction arrays, and resistance fluctuations and Aharanov-Bohm oscillations in normal metals to name a few. The proposed research deals with various macroscopic manifestations of quantum phenomena in one, and especially two-dimensional systems. The work topics fall into four basic categories: 1) the quantum Hall effect, 2) quantum effects in granular, or otherwise strongly disordered thin films of superconducting material, 3) model tunneling problems involving more than one-dimensional configuration space, and 4) the properties of quasi-one-dimensional organic conductors.