Fundamental Processes in Plasmas (Physics)

等离子体由带电粒子的集合组成， 具有许多在更常见的中性气体中没有的性质。 原子和分子。 特别是，等离子体受到影响 直接通过电场和磁场，这些相互作用 形成等离子体约束和研究的基本工具。 通常情况下， 等离子体具有相等数量的两种符号的带电粒子， 因此总体上是电中性的。 在工作支持 在这里，形成并研究了一种独特类型的等离子体： 由粒子（电子）组成，都是一个电符号， 消费标准. 这样的等离子体在实验上特别容易处理， 其行为的重要方面可以被分离出来， 没有相互冲突的影响。 这类产品的一个独特之处是， 纯电子等离子体是，当冷却时，预计 先变成液体，然后变成固体。 这些新特性 将被调查。

A plasma consists of a collection of charged particles-and has many properties not found in the more usual gases of neutral atoms and molecules. In particular, plasmas are affected directly by electric and magnetic fields, and these interactions form a basic tool for plasma confinement and study. Usually, plasmas have equal numbers of charged particles of both signs, and thus are overall electrically neutral. In the work supported here a unique type of plasma is formed and studied: one consisting of particles (electrons) all of one sign of electric charge. Such a plasma is particularly tractable experimentally, and important aspects of its behavior can be isolated and measured free of conflicting effects. One unique feature of such pure-electron plasmas is that when cooled it is predicted to become first a liquid and then a solid. These novel properties will be investigated.