Collaborative Research: Interaction Goals and Self- Fulfilling Prophecies

合作研究：互动目标和自我实现的预言

• 批准号: 8707412
• 负责人: John Darley
• 金额: $ 15.96万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-15 至 1991-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8707412&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Interaction; Goals; Self

The self-fulfilling prophecy is one of the most important theoretical notions to have arisen in social psychology. The idea that one individual, entrapped in the expectations and stereotypes of others, can somehow be caused to fulfill those expectations, holds out the promise of understanding many important social phenomena, ranging from the ways in which negatively stereotyped children are left behind in the educational process, to the ways in which those who have sought treatment for mental illness are labelled by others and treated in a fashion that can sustain or increase their difficulties. Despite the clear social importance of the self-fulfilling prophecy, there has been little theory developed to predict the conditions under which the effect will take place, or to specify how the effect can be avoided. Darley and Hilton outline a general model of social interaction and perception which emphasizes the goal-directed nature of these endeavors. Based upon this model, these researchers derive specific predictions about both the occurrence and non-occurrence of self-fulfilling prophecy effects and will conduct a series of experiments which test these predictions. If these predictions are confirmed, then two purposes will have been fulfilled. First, there will be evidence for the validity of a view of social interaction and perception in which the strategies and goals of the participants are accorded central importance. Second, there will be a good deal of evidence about the workings of the self-fulfilling prophecy. More specifically, there will be some confirmation for a theory that specifies not just that self-fulfilling prophecies exist, but begins to delimit the conditions under which these prophecy effects occur. At the level of policy, this should mean that we can go beyond deploring the existence of self-fulfilling prophecies and "cautioning against" their occurrence, to make some specific recommendations about how their pernicious effects can be avoided or even reversed.

自我实现的预言是最重要的 社会心理学中出现的理论概念。 的 一个人，陷入期望， 别人的刻板印象，可以以某种方式导致履行这些 期望，提出了理解许多 重要的社会现象，包括 消极定型观念的儿童被留在 教育过程中，那些寻求 精神疾病的治疗被其他人贴上标签， 以维持或增加他们困难的方式。 尽管自我实现具有明显的社会重要性 预言，很少有理论发展来预测 影响发生的条件，或 具体说明如何避免这种影响。 达利和希尔顿 概述社会互动和感知的一般模型 它强调了这些努力的目标导向性质。 根据这个模型，这些研究人员得出了具体的 关于发生和不发生的预测 自我实现的预言效应，并将进行一系列的 实验来验证这些预测。 如果这些预测得到证实，那么将有两个目的 已经实现了。 首先，会有证据证明 社会互动和感知的观点， 与会者的战略和目标被置于中心地位， 重要性 第二，会有大量的证据 关于自我实现预言的运作。 更 具体地说，将有一些理论证实， 不仅说明了自我实现的预言存在， 开始界定这些预言 影响发生。 在政策层面，这应该意味着， 我们可以超越痛惜自我实现的存在， 预言和“告诫”他们的发生，使 一些具体的建议， 可以避免甚至逆转这些影响。