Strategic Behavior and Counterfactuals
战略行为和反事实
基本信息
- 批准号:8710209
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 3万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:1987
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:1987-08-01 至 1988-07-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
In game theory, the difficulty of defining rational behavior in game situations like the prisoner's dilemma is the fact that the players' strategies will depend on their expectations about other players' strategies. These expectations are beliefs the players come to the game with. Game theorists assume these beliefs to be rational in the very special sense of being objectively correct, but no explanation is offered of the mechanism generating this property of the belief system. In most cases, however, such a rationality requirement is not enough to guarantee that an equilibrium will be attained. Under this research grant, Dr. Bicchieri is concentrating on the relationship between an assumption of epistemic rationality and equilibrium. By equilibrium, she means a combination of actions such that no agent would want to change his action if he were to take as fixed the other agents actions. In simple cases, an assumption of common knowledge of rationality on the part of the players must be added. In more complicated cases, such as when multiple equilibria are present, common knowledge of rationality and the assumption of belief-rationality are not enough, since there exists a whole set of rational beliefs, and no player can ever be certain that the others believe he has certain beliefs. In these cases it becomes necessary to explicitly model the process of belief formation. The model which Dr. Bicchieri is developing attributes to the players a theory of counterfactuals which they use in restricting the set of possible equilibria. If it were possible to attribute to all players the same theory of counterfactuals, then it could be shown that the players' beliefs would eventually converge. Since there is no way of sorting out one theory of counterfactuals as the best, or more rational to adopt, the process of belief formation might never converge, and thus no equilibrium would be attained.
在博弈论中,定义博弈中理性行为的困难 在囚徒困境这样的情况下, 策略将取决于他们对其他参与者的期望 战略布局 这些期望是球员们的信念, 游戏与。 博弈理论家假设这些信念是理性的, 非常特殊的感觉是客观正确的,但没有解释 提供了产生信念的这种性质的机制 系统 然而,在大多数情况下,这种合理性要求是 不足以保证达到平衡。 下 这项研究经费,Bicchieri博士专注于 知识理性假设与 均衡 她所说的均衡是指 没有一个代理人会想改变他的行动,如果他要采取, 修复了其他代理的操作。 在简单的情况下,假设 参与者的理性常识必须 补充说 在更复杂的情况下,例如多重均衡时 存在,理性的常识和假设, 信仰理性是不够的,因为存在着一整套 理性的信念,没有球员可以肯定,其他人 相信他有一定的信仰。 在这些情况下,有必要 来明确地模拟信念形成的过程。 的模型 Bicchieri博士正在开发一种理论, 反事实,他们用来限制一组可能的 均衡 如果有可能把所有的参与者 反事实理论,那么可以证明, 信仰最终会融合。 因为没有办法分类 一个反事实的理论是最好的,或者更合理的, 采用,信仰形成的过程可能永远不会收敛,因此, 就不会达到平衡。
项目成果
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Cristina Bicchieri其他文献
Common reasoning about admissibility
关于可采性的常见推理
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00276796 - 发表时间:
1996-11-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.900
- 作者:
Cristina Bicchieri;Oliver Schulte - 通讯作者:
Oliver Schulte
Words or deeds? Choosing what to know about others
- DOI:
10.1007/s11229-011-0026-2 - 发表时间:
2011-12-07 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.300
- 作者:
Erte Xiao;Cristina Bicchieri - 通讯作者:
Cristina Bicchieri
Strategic behavior and counterfactuals
- DOI:
10.1007/bf00869644 - 发表时间:
1988-07-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.300
- 作者:
Cristina Bicchieri - 通讯作者:
Cristina Bicchieri
Game-theoretic axioms for local rationality and bounded knowledge
- DOI:
10.1007/bf01048618 - 发表时间:
1995-06-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0.600
- 作者:
Cristina Bicchieri;Gian Aldo Antonelli - 通讯作者:
Gian Aldo Antonelli
How language framing shapes the perception of social norms
语言框架如何塑造对社会规范的认知
- DOI:
10.1016/j.copsyc.2024.101886 - 发表时间:
2024-12-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:6.900
- 作者:
Jinyi Kuang;Cristina Bicchieri - 通讯作者:
Cristina Bicchieri
Cristina Bicchieri的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Cristina Bicchieri', 18)}}的其他基金
Doctoral Dissertation Research in DRMS: Victim Compensation
DRMS 的博士论文研究:受害者赔偿
- 批准号:
1559320 - 财政年份:2016
- 资助金额:
$ 3万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Social Norms: Conditional Preferences and Mutual Expectations
社会规范:条件偏好和相互期望
- 批准号:
1052789 - 财政年份:2010
- 资助金额:
$ 3万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Game-Theorectic Foundation for Multi-Agent Systems
多智能体系统的博弈论基础
- 批准号:
9734923 - 财政年份:1998
- 资助金额:
$ 3万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
U.S.-Italy Workshop on Knowledge, Belief, and Strategic Interaction; June 1992; Castiglioncello, Italy
美国-意大利知识、信仰和战略互动研讨会;
- 批准号:
9021023 - 财政年份:1992
- 资助金额:
$ 3万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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