From the New Deal to the Great Society: The Role of the South in Opposing the Welfare State

从新政到伟大社会：南方在反对福利国家中的作用

• 批准号: 8713230
• 负责人: Lee Alston
• 金额: $ 0.94万
• 依托单位: Williams College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-08-01 至 1988-06-20
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8713230&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: New; Deal; Great; Society; Role

The government sector in the United States has grown significantly in the last fifty years, with much of the growth coming in the area of social welfare programs. In 1960, the government accounted for 30% of the goods and services produced in the U.S., while in 1932, it accounted for only 21%. This growth has been explained by theories based on the power of pressure groups, coalitions and bureaucracies. But these theories account more for the forces promoting rapid growth than the timing of that growth. The contribution of this project comes from studying the way in which growth of government can be restrained by powerful sectors of the economy that resist modernization. More specifically, the project shows how welfare programs were delayed in the South in the 1930s by Southern agricultural planters in order to keep labor costs low and how this resistance to federal welfare programs declined after World War II due to the mechanization of agriculture. Planters provided their agricultural workers with a wide array of paternalistic benefits in lieu of some monetary compensation. These benefits were used to elicit from workers both loyalty and a measure of deference which kept the costs of agricultural labor low and maintained the South's existing socio-economic system. Federal welfare programs made tying workers to specific plantations more expensive. With mechanization, planters no longer needed to tie workers to their plantation because of the dramatic reduction in labor demand.

美国的政府部门增长显著 在过去的五十年里，随着该地区的大部分增长， 社会福利计划。 在1960年，政府 30%的商品和服务在美国生产，而在1932年， 仅占21%。 这种增长有理论解释 建立在压力集团、联盟和官僚机构的力量之上。 但这些理论更多地解释了推动快速增长的力量 而不是增长的时机。 这个项目的贡献来自于研究 政府的增长可以受到强大部门的限制， 抵制现代化的经济。 具体来说，该项目 显示了20世纪30年代南方的福利计划是如何被推迟的， 南方农业种植园主为了保持低劳动力成本， 这种对联邦福利计划的抵制是如何在世界大战后下降的 第二次世界大战是由于农业机械化。 种植园主为他们的农业工人提供了各种各样的 家长式的福利代替了一些金钱补偿。 这些 福利被用来吸引工人的忠诚和衡量 这种顺从使农业劳动力的成本保持在低水平， 维持了南方现有的社会经济制度。 联邦 福利计划使工人更多地与特定的种植园联系在一起， 贵了 随着机械化的发展，种植园主不再需要把工人绑在一起 由于劳动力需求的急剧减少，他们的种植园。