Supernovae and Neutron Star Formation

巴罗斯将从理论上研究中子星和超新星爆炸的形成。重点在于从超新星1987A观测到的中微子的产生和发射，以及对流增强引起超新星爆炸的激波的作用。超新星是一种罕见的恒星爆炸，其规模之大，影响了包括太阳在内的大多数恒星的形成，以及今天构成地球和生命物质的元素的形成。今年在大麦哲伦星云观测到的超新星不仅是近三个世纪以来离我们最近的，而且是第一个产生可探测到的中微子的超新星。中微子是一种难以捉摸的粒子，可以从恒星的深处逃逸出来。中微子为研究这些爆炸的恒星提供了一个新的“窗口”。该奖项支持对导致超新星的爆炸的理论研究。特别令人感兴趣的是中微子的行为，不仅因为一些中微子被观察到，而且因为中微子提供了驱动爆炸的基本力量。

Burrows will study theoretically the formation of a neutron star and of a supernova explosion. Emphasis rests on the creation and emission of neutrinos, as observed from supernova 1987A, and on the effect of convection enhancing the shock causing the supernova explosion. Supernovae are rare stellar explosions of such magnitude that they have influenced the formation of most stars, including the Sun, and the formation of the elements that today form the Earth and living matter. The supernova observed this year in the Large Magellanic Cloud was not only the nearest in the last three centuries but the first to yield detectable neutrinos, the elusive particles that can escape from deep inside a star. The neutrinos provide a new "window" for studying these exploding stars. This award supports the theoretical study of the explosion that leads to a supernova. Of special interest is the behavior of the neutrinos, not only because some are observed but also because neutrinos provide the essential force that drives the explosion.