Three Dimensional Modeling of Core-Collapse Supernovae

核心塌陷超新星的三维建模

• 批准号: 1440032
• 负责人: Adam Burrows
• 金额: $ 0.24万
• 依托单位: Princeton University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-01 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1440032&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Three; Dimensional; Modeling; Core; Collapse

Core-collapse supernovae dramatically announce the death of massive starsand the birth of neutron stars, pulsars, and black holes. They are thesites where most of the heavy elements of Nature are created. Viewed as anuclear physics laboratory, core-collapse supernovae produce some of thehighest densities and energies in the Universe, and during this violentprocess a combination of nuclear physics, turbulent hydrodynamics,radiation transport, and neutrino physics determines whether and how thestar explodes. However, to date the puzzle of the precise mechanism ofexplosion has not been cracked. A thesis of this team is that afundamental impediment to progress over the last few decades may have beenthe lack of access to codes, computers, and resources with which toproperly simulate the collapse phenomenon. This could explain theagonizingly slow march since the 1960's towards demonstrating a robustmechanism of explosion. However, with the state-of-the-art computer codethis team has recently developed, the time may now be ripe to make a finalassault on this central problem in astrophysics. Going to fullythree-dimensional neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics and employing the bestneutrino and nuclear physics may together be the keys to demonstrating andunderstanding the generic core-collapse supernova explosion mechanism.Since these supernova simulations lend themselves easily to public andschool outreach, the team plans to generate video products for publictalks and web-based distribution.Core-collapse supernovae probe the nuclear and particle physics of matterat super-nuclear density, high temperature, and at extremes of isospin.This project supports the experimental nuclear physics program of the NSFby exploring nucleosynthesis in astrophysical explosions, the propertiesof the neutrino, and the equation of state of nuclear matter. The numerical simulations connect directly with the lower-energy programs ofFRIB and FAIR, the high-energy experiments carried out at RHIC and theLHC, and the hyperon-hyperon and hyperon-nucleon programs of JPARC, GSI,JLAB, and NICA. In addition, a solution to the core-collapse supernovaproblem will benefit ongoing efforts of observers and instrumentdesigners in the U.S. and around the world engaged in projects todetermine the origin of the elements, measure gravitational waves (LIGO),and interpret laboratory nuclear reaction rate measurements in light ofstellar nucleosynthesis.

核心坍缩的超新星戏剧性地宣告了大质量恒星的死亡，以及中子星、中子星和黑洞的诞生。它们是大自然中大多数重元素产生的地方。 被视为核物理实验室，核心坍缩超新星产生宇宙中最高的密度和能量，在这个剧烈的过程中，核物理学，湍流流体力学，辐射传输和中微子物理学的结合决定了恒星是否爆炸以及如何爆炸。然而，迄今为止，爆炸的精确机理之谜尚未解开。 这个团队的一个论点是，在过去几十年中，阻碍进展的一个根本障碍可能是缺乏代码、计算机和资源来正确模拟坍塌现象。这可以解释自20世纪60年代以来，在证明一个强大的爆炸机制方面令人痛苦的缓慢进展。然而，有了这个团队最近开发的最先进的计算机代码，现在对天体物理学的这个中心问题进行最后攻击的时机可能已经成熟。完全三维的中微子辐射-流体力学以及最好的中微子和核物理学可能是证明和理解一般的核心坍缩超新星爆炸机制的关键。由于这些超新星模拟很容易向公众和学校推广，该小组计划制作视频产品，用于公共演讲和网络分发。核心坍缩超新星探测了超级物质的核和粒子物理学，核密度、高温和极端的同位旋。该项目通过探索天体物理爆炸中的核合成、中微子的性质和核物质的状态方程来支持NSF的实验核物理计划。数值模拟与FRIB和FAIR的低能计划、RHIC和LHC的高能实验以及JPARC、GSI、JLAB和NICA的超子-超子和超子-核子计划直接相关。此外，核心坍缩超新星问题的解决方案将有利于美国和世界各地的观测者和仪器设计者正在进行的努力，这些人正在从事确定元素起源的项目，测量引力波（LIGO），并根据恒星核合成解释实验室核反应速率测量。