Biochemical Equipment for an Undergraduate Forensic Science Laboratory in Blood/Body Fluid Identification and Individualization.

用于本科法医科学实验室血液/体液鉴定和个体化的生化设备。

• 批准号: 8750754
• 负责人: R. Gaensslen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of New Haven
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-06-15 至 1989-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8750754&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biochemical; Equipment; Undergraduate; Forensic; Science

Forensic scientists require methods and procedures for identifying and typing the human blood and body fluids encountered in cases of homicide, assault, robbery, sexual assault and other crimes against persons. The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) technique offers a desirable alternative to present procedures. Its major advantages are increased sensitivity, ability to utilize recently developed, highly specific monoclonal antibodies in its tests, and the ability to introduce new levels of quantitation and instrumental objectivity in interpreting test results. Modern ELISA instrumentation, its use and applications are revolutionizing forensic tests on blood, body fluids and stains. In addition, the isoelectric focusing (IEF) technique offers many advantages over earlier electrophoretic procedures for typing blood and body fluid stains. Its advantages include the ability to recognize more genetic types in several systems and thus to improve individualization of stains left by biological materials. The application of IEF to the genetic typing of blood and body fluid stains increases the capabilities of forensic scientists, enabling them to provide more and better evidence to the justice system they serve. Through the help of this grant, future forensic specialists in this model program are being trained on state-of-the-art apparatus. This project constitutes a striking example of science serving society in helping to demonstrate the guilt or innocence of persons accused of violent crimes.

法医科学家需要在杀人、攻击、抢劫、性攻击和其他针对个人的犯罪案件中对人体血液和体液进行鉴定和分类的方法和程序。酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术提供了一个理想的替代目前的程序。它的主要优点是增加了灵敏度，能够在其测试中利用最近开发的高度特异性的单克隆抗体，以及能够在解释测试结果时引入新的定量水平和仪器客观性。现代ELISA仪器及其使用和应用正在彻底改变血液，体液和污渍的法医测试。此外，等电聚焦（IEF）技术提供了许多优势，比早期的电泳程序分型血液和体液污渍。它的优点包括能够在几个系统中识别更多的遗传类型，从而提高生物材料留下的染色的个体化。将IEF应用于血液和体液污渍的基因分型，提高了法医科学家的能力，使他们能够为他们所服务的司法系统提供更多更好的证据。通过这笔赠款的帮助，该示范方案中未来的法医专家正在接受最先进仪器的培训。该项目是科学服务于社会的一个突出例子，有助于证明被指控犯有暴力罪行的人是否有罪。