The Late Prehistoric Political Economy of the Calchagui Valley, Argentina

达特洛伊博士和他的同事在位于秘鲁高地上曼塔罗山谷的考古遗址进行了挖掘。他们特别关注了两个文化时期：公元1350年至1460年的万卡二世和1460年至1553年的万卡三世。在早期阶段，万卡社会被组织成交战的酋长王国，以大社区作为人口和政治中心。然而，在万卡三世时期，这些群体被安抚并并入印加帝国。定居点被转移到更低的非设防地点，估计政治组织也发生了变化。新的第二阶段实地研究是基于这些先前的结果。挖掘将集中在万卡二号和三号遗址，以收集由于帝国占领而发生的万卡地区政治经济变化的数据。选址将包括一个土著万卡中心，分别来自印加省首府万卡二世和万卡三号，以及一个附属的印卡定居点。挖掘将集中在公共建筑和精英建筑上。对回收的材料-植物遗骸、动物骨骼、陶瓷、石器、金属和纺织品-的分析将提供关于帝国管理、精英机构的生存支持以及征服者和被征服者之间的政治/礼仪关系的信息。这项研究很重要，因为它将深入了解大型政治组织是如何形成的，以及强大的城市精英与农村主题是如何联系在一起的。这种区别今天存在，是发展中世界许多国家的特征。许多国家面临的政治和经济问题，如菲律宾，正是受到这些因素的影响。考古学在这样的背景下是有用的，因为它提供了一个极好的长期视角。

Dr. D'Altroy and colleagues have conducted excavations at archaeological sites located in the Upper Mantaro Valley in the highlands of Peru. In particular, they focussed on two cultural periods: Wanka II which dates from ca. A.D. 1350-1460 and Wanka III, from 1460-1553. During the earlier phase, the Wanka societies were organized into warring chiefdoms with large communities serving as population and political centers. During Wanka III times, however, these groups were pacified and incorporated into the Inka empire. Settlements were shifted to lower unfortified locations, and presumably, political organization was altered. A new second phase of field research is based on these prior results. Excavation will focus on both Wanka II and III sites to collect data on the transformations that occurred in the political economy of the Wanka region as a result of imperial occupation. Sites will include one indigenous Wanka center each from Wanka II and III, an Inka provincial capital, and a subsidiary Inka settlement. The excavations will focus on public and elite architecture. Analyses of recovered materials - plant remains, animal bones, ceramics, lithics, metals, and textiles - will provide information on imperial administration, the subsistence support for elite institutions, and the political/ceremonial relations between conqueror and conquered. This research is important because it will provide insight into how large political organizations are formed and how powerful urban elites relate to rural subjects. This distinction exists today and characterizes many nations in the developing world. The political and economic problems faced by many nations, such as the Philippines, are influenced by just such factors. Archaeology is useful in such a context because it provides an excellent long term perspective.