INKA Economic Organization

INKA经济组织

• 批准号: 9707962
• 负责人: Terence D'Altroy
• 金额: $ 1.44万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9707962&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: INKA; Economic; Organization

With National Science Foundation support Drs. Terence D'Altroy and Veronica Williams will oversee neutron activation analysis of ceramics excavated from a series of Inka sites in two regions of Argentina. The Inka empire arose in the highlands of Bolivia and extended its control over a wide area which stretched from northern Peru to portions of Argentina. Given the lack of writing and a simple system of roads which ran over extremely rough mountainous terrain, the development of an such an empire is a remarkable accomplishment. The feat is even more impressive given the very culturally and linguistically distinct groups which were incorporated, often against their will into the empire. Archaeologists wish to understand the mechanisms which the Inka employed to achieve such integration and this project seeks to examine this question at the southern extreme of the area which the Inka controlled. In collaboration with reactor scientists at the University of Missouri, the investigators will conduct neutron activation analysis of ceramics from a series of sites. This will allow them to determine the trace element concentrations which serve as `fingerprints` to indicate which types of ceramics are made from the same kind of clay. This often allows matching of ceramics with individual clay sources. With this information it will be possible to determine which ceramics were produced locally and which were made elsewhere and imported long distances. In particular the investigators wish to compare the origins of elite finely made Inka wares which have ritual significance with those used for cooking and other mundane subsistence tasks. The points of ceramic origin provide insight into the amount of direct control the Inka exercised. The investigators speculate that if fine wares are produced locally, Inka rule was indirect and considerable authority was ceded to local pre-Inka political structures. Importation of ritual Inka ware suggests more direct control with a tribute system. This research is important for several reasons. It will provide new insight into how complex organizations such as empires arise. It will also increase our understanding of one of the most highly developed prehistoric civilizations in the New World.

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，特伦斯·达特洛伊博士和维罗妮卡·威廉姆斯博士将监督对阿根廷两个地区一系列印加遗址出土的陶瓷进行中子活化分析。印加帝国崛起于玻利维亚的高地，并将其控制范围扩大到从北方秘鲁到阿根廷部分地区的广大地区。由于缺乏文字和一个简单的道路系统，在极其崎岖的山区地形上运行，这样一个帝国的发展是一个了不起的成就。这一壮举更令人印象深刻，因为文化和语言上非常独特的群体被纳入帝国，往往违背他们的意愿。考古学家希望了解印加人实现这种融合的机制，本项目试图在印加人控制的地区的南端研究这个问题。研究人员将与密苏里州大学的反应堆科学家合作，对一系列地点的陶瓷进行中子活化分析。这将使他们能够确定作为“指纹”的微量元素浓度，以表明哪种陶瓷是由同一种粘土制成的。这通常允许陶瓷与单独的粘土来源相匹配。有了这些信息，就有可能确定哪些陶瓷是在当地生产的，哪些是在其他地方生产的，并从很远的地方进口。特别是，研究人员希望将具有仪式意义的精雕细琢的印加陶器的起源与用于烹饪和其他日常生活任务的陶器进行比较。陶瓷产地的点提供了洞察印加人行使直接控制的数量。调查人员推测，如果精品是在当地生产的，印加人的统治是间接的，相当大的权力被割让给了当地前印加的政治结构。进口的印加礼器意味着更直接的控制与进贡制度。 这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将为帝国等复杂组织的产生提供新的见解。它还将增加我们对新世界中最高度发达的史前文明之一的了解。