Thermodynamics of Aqueous Borate Solutions in Natural Water Modeling

硼酸-硼酸盐体系在pH控制中起重要作用 对于某些药物制剂， 自然沃茨，以及生物和地球化学过程中， 温度在5到90度之间的盐水、海洋和海水 在0.01至6.0摩尔/升的离子强度范围内， 公斤 本研究的主要目的是（a）应用 精确电动势法（无液接）， 等压和密度技术，以研究 涉及海水中硼酸的电离平衡上的盐;（B） 提供准确的水溶液离子热力学平衡数据， 系统，。例如，在一个实施例中，涉及Ba、Sr、Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn、Co、Ni和Fe;（c） 充分利用Pitzer的形式主义在自然水建模;（d） 建立多组分离子相互作用模型 电解质溶液;以及（e）更新和扩展电解质理论 通过改进的方法，对自然沃茨有了新的认识， 环境保护 一个创新的实验方法将是 利用。 这种方法与离子对形成常数有关， 不同碱土金属和过渡金属硼酸 天然沃茨中发现的微量阳离子。 这些新的实验数据将有助于地球化学计算， 盐水和天然水建模。 项目的独特性 将是新化学技术的发展， 电解质热力学在解决这些问题中的应用 海洋科学和社会意义的需要。 平衡 含碳酸氢根和硼水溶液热力学 解决方案在许多其他方面也具有很大的实际意义， 工程地质情况：清盐水完井液; 锅炉水化学;化学海洋学;矿物溶解度; 地球化学卤水反应模拟计算;水相 形态和矿物饱和指数; 地下水系统地球化学模型;海水淡化; 湿法冶金;作为一种可溶性和可燃性中子毒物， 加压核反应堆冷却剂;地热能; pH值 标准;油（焦油）砂和提高石油采收率。

The boric acid-borate system is important in the control of pH for certain medicinal preparations and the buffering capacity of natural waters, as well as in bio- and geo-chemical processes in brines, ocean, and sea-waters in the temperature range 5 to 90 degrees centigrade, and in the ionic strength range of 0.01 to 6.0 mols per kilogram. The main objectives of this study are (a) to apply the precise electromotive force method (without liquid junction), isopiestic, and densimetric techniques to investigate the effects of salts on ionization equilibria involving boric acid in sea water; (b) to provide accurate thermodynamic equilibrium data for aqueous ionic systems,. e.g., involving Ba, Sr, Ca, Mg, Zn, Mn, Co, Ni, and Fe; (c) to utilize the full Pitzer's formalism in natural water modeling; (d) to develop consistent ionic interaction models for multicomponent electrolyte solutions; and (e) to update and extend electrolyte theory with refined methods leading to new insights into natural waters and the environment. An innovative experimental approach will be utilized. This approach is related to ion-pair formation constants of boric acid with different alkaline earth and transition metallic cations found in trace quantities in natural waters. These new experimental data will assist in geochemical calculations in brines and natural water modeling. The uniqueness of the project would be the development of new chemical technology and the application of electrolyte thermodynamics in response to the problems of marine science and needs of social significance. Equilibrium thermodynamics of bicarbonate ion-and boron-containing aqueous solutions are also of great practical interest in a number of other engineering and geological situations: clear brine completion fluids; boiler water chemistry; chemical oceanography; mineral solubility; reaction modeling calculations of geochemical brines; aqueous speciation and mineral saturation index; the development of geochemical models for groundwater systems; water desalination; hydrometallurgy; as a soluble and burnable neutron poison in the coolants of pressurized nuclear reactors; geothermal energy; pH standards; oil (tar) sands, and enhanced oil recovery.