REU: Properties and Capabilities of DNA/DNA Hybridization as a Systematic Method in Ornithology

REU：DNA/DNA 杂交作为鸟类学系统方法的特性和功能

• 批准号: 8806890
• 负责人: Frederick Sheldon
• 金额: $ 9.78万
• 依托单位: Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-11-01 至 1991-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8806890&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: REU; Properties; Capabilities; DNA; Hybridization

The technique of DNA-DNA hybridization can be used to measure genetic similarity between species; DNA hybridizes more extensively among closely related species than among distantly related species. This technique has been used to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of some groups of animals and plants; for example, DNA-DNA hybridization, along with other molecular techniques, has shown that humans are very closely related to the chimp. DNA-DNA hybridization has also been used to reconstruct the evolutionary history of birds. This research will resolve a number of technical and theoretical questions regarding the application of DNA-DNA hybridization to the measure of genetic distance between species, its ability to resolve relationships at low levels in the systematic hierarchy, and the reconstruction of evolutionary history. These questions will be addressed in context of an analysis of the evolutionary histories of two families of birds, one containing the herons and bitterns and the other the swallows and martins. These are both important avian groups with puzzling evolutionary histories.

DNA-DNA杂交技术可以用来衡量物种之间的遗传相似性；DNA在近缘物种之间的杂交比在远缘物种之间的杂交更广泛。这项技术已被用于重建某些动物和植物群体的系统发育历史；例如，DNA-DNA杂交以及其他分子技术表明，人类与黑猩猩的亲缘关系非常密切。DNA-DNA杂交也被用来重建鸟类的进化史。这项研究将解决一些技术和理论问题，涉及DNA-DNA杂交应用于测量物种之间的遗传距离，它在系统层次结构中解决低水平关系的能力，以及重建进化史。这些问题将在分析两个鸟类家族的进化史的背景下得到解决，一个家族包含苍鹭和苦味，另一个家族包含燕子和马丁。这两个重要的鸟类群体都有着令人费解的进化史。