Collaborative Research on the Implementation and Effects of the Voting Rights Act

投票权法实施及效果的合作研究

• 批准号: 8809392
• 负责人: Bernard Grofman
• 金额: $ 19.5万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-08-15 至 1991-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8809392&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Implementation; Effects; Voting

Although the 1965 Voting Rights Act has been hailed as perhaps the most successful piece of policy legislation enacted in the post-WWII era, scientific work examining its influence and consequences has been remarkably absent. While there are views about the Act's impact and a literature dealing with impact and implementation in a host of other legislative domains, most of the best scholarship dealing with the Act has been legal and constitutional despite the scope and importance of this piece of legislation. With some recent and important exceptions, most empirical work to date has been anecdotal or at a relatively low level of conceptualization and methodological sophistication. Drs. Grofman and Davidson along with a team of cooperating investigators seek to remedy this situation through undertaking a systematic, multi-site project. The design includes each of the seven states in the deep South originally covered by the Act and selected other states in the Midwest and Northeast with substantial black and Hispanic populations and in the Southwest with significant Mexican-American, Native American, or black populations. A minimum of four data bases will be formed: (1) a before and after data base for all jurisdictions which have shifted from at-large to a single-member district or mixed system, (2) a longitudinal data base on changes in minority representation in a random sample of jurisdictions continually using at-large elections, (3) a data base for all single-member and at-large districts identifying minority population size and electoral outcomes, and (4) a data base for a sample of all elected minority officials, identifying election type and other relevant characteristics of the jurisdiction. Data will be gathered at the city, county, school board, and state legislative level. To facilitate comparative longitudinal analysis, data from different levels of government will be aggregated at the county level. This major effort can be expected to produce equally major contributions. At a theoretical level, the work holds substantial promise of adding to our understanding of the consequences of voting systems, the impact of law on social change, and the dynamics underlying implementation. At a substantive level, this study will produce knowledge about race relations in America and one of the most important and far reaching federal laws to be enacted in the twentieth century. Further, beyond what will be accomplished by this team of investigators, the project will also yield a substantial data base appropriate for the analytic purposes of other scholars.

尽管1965年的《选举权法》被誉为 也许是最成功的一项政策立法 在二战后的时代，研究其影响的科学工作， 结果却明显不存在。 虽然有观点认为 关于该法案的影响和一个文献处理的影响， 在许多其他立法领域的实施，大多数 最好的奖学金处理该法案一直是法律的， 宪法，尽管这一片的范围和重要性， 立法 除了最近的一些重要例外， 迄今为止的经验性工作是轶事性的，或处于相对较低的水平。 概念化和方法复杂程度。 格罗夫曼博士和戴维森沿着， 调查人员试图通过采取 系统的多地点项目。 该设计包括每一个 该法案最初涵盖的南方腹地的七个州， 选择了中西部和东北部的其他州， 大量的黑人和西班牙裔人口， 墨西哥裔美国人、美洲原住民或黑人 人口。 将形成至少四个数据库：（1）a 之前和之后的数据库，为所有司法管辖区， 从一个单一成员的地区或混合转移到一个单一成员的地区或混合 系统，（2）基于少数民族变化的纵向数据 不断在随机抽样的司法管辖区中进行代表 使用在大选举，（3）一个数据库，为所有单一成员 和广大地区确定少数民族人口规模， 选举结果，以及（4）所有样本的数据库 当选的少数民族官员，确定选举类型和其他 管辖权的相关特征。 数据将 聚集在市，县，学校董事会，和国家立法机构， 水平 为了便于纵向比较分析，数据 来自不同级别政府的信息将在 县级 这一重大努力预计将产生同样重大的影响。 捐款. 在理论层面上，这项工作 这是一个实质性的承诺， 投票制度的后果，法律对社会的影响 变化，以及执行的动力。 在 在实质性层面，这项研究将产生关于种族问题的知识， 在美国的关系和最重要的和远 达到世纪颁布的联邦法律。 此外，除了这支队伍将取得的成就之外， 调查人员，该项目还将产生大量的数据 适合其他学者的分析目的。