Negotiated Formal Agreements and International Relations

谈判的正式协议和国际关系

• 批准号: 8810207
• 负责人: James Bennett
• 金额: $ 3.91万
• 依托单位: Syracuse University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-07-01 至 1990-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8810207&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Negotiated; Formal; Agreements; International; Relations

Many Western observers of international relations believe that a major underlying problem remains the creation and management of orderly relations among states. A substantial degree of orderliness in relations is required for regularizing mutually beneficial economic and cultural exchange and for assuring the avoidance of mutually destructive violent conflicts. Defending and incrementally developing an existing order is thus seen to be a prime objective for responsible statecraft. To explain how incomplete international orders endure and change is the focus of a prominent and active subfield of international organization, called regime theory. A regime is a set of more or less mutually acknowledged rules - - including principles, norms and decision-making procedures as well as international agreements. International behavior in conformance with the rules can in some circumstances produce convergent expectations about the future and lead to shared recognitions of national security. This project undertakes methodological extension in two directions, by developing ways to utilize textual sources, and by constructing computational methods for analyzing data bases of rules derived from appropriate texts. First, the texts of formal negotiated agreements -- specifically the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty of 1972 and the treaty on the elimination of intermediate- range and shorter-range missiles (INF Treaty) of 1987 - - are used as source materials for the derivation and explication of rules which, if adhered to, constrain subsequent interactions between the United States and the Soviet Union. These agreements are selected because they contain both detailed quantitative limits and broad restrictive principles, and because they create new forums for joint management of their implementation. Second, the rules are expressed in a language which a computer can understand and are organized into a formal data base, similar to a numerical spreadsheet but containing not numbers but statements of permission and prohibition. Finally, a computational logic language is applied to pose questions to the data base concerning which activities conform and which violate the rule sets. The objective is to develop methods for constructing a data base of rules from textual materials, to demonstrate how international behavior can be related to rule-compliance or rule-violation, and thus to establish conceptual and methodological foundations for follow-on empirical analysis of regime possibilities in the very important area of superpower security relations.

许多西方国际关系观察家认为，一个主要的根本问题仍然是建立和管理国家之间的有序关系。为了使互惠的经济和文化交流正规化，并确保避免相互破坏性的暴力冲突，需要在很大程度上使关系井然有序。因此，捍卫和逐步发展现有秩序被视为负责任的治国之道的首要目标。解释不完整的国际秩序如何持续和变化，是国际组织一个重要而活跃的分支--政权理论--的焦点。制度是一套或多或少相互承认的规则--包括原则、规范和决策程序以及国际协定。遵守规则的国际行为在某些情况下可能会产生对未来的趋同预期，并导致对国家安全的共同认识。该项目在方法上进行了两个方向的扩展，开发了利用文本来源的方法，并构建了分析从适当文本中得出的规则数据库的计算方法。首先，正式谈判协定的案文--特别是1972年的《反弹道导弹条约》和1987年的《消除中程和短程导弹条约》(《中程和短程导弹条约》)--被用作派生和解释规则的原始材料，这些规则如果得到遵守，就会限制美国和苏联之间随后的互动。之所以选择这些协议，是因为它们既包含详细的数量限制，也包含广泛的限制性原则，还因为它们为联合管理其执行工作创造了新的论坛。其次，规则用计算机能够理解的语言表示，并被组织成一个正式的数据库，类似于数字电子表格，但包含的不是数字，而是允许和禁止的声明。最后，应用计算逻辑语言向数据库提出关于哪些活动符合规则集、哪些活动违反规则集的问题。其目的是开发方法，根据文本材料建立规则数据库，展示国际行为如何与遵守规则或违反规则有关，从而为超级大国安全关系这一非常重要的领域的制度可能性的后续经验分析奠定概念和方法基础。