Studies in Labor Mobility and Unemployment

劳动力流动和失业研究

• 批准号: 8810937
• 负责人: Robert Topel
• 金额: $ 14.76万
• 依托单位: National Bureau of Economic Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-07-01 至 1991-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8810937&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Studies; Labor; Mobility; Unemployment

A major puzzle in economics is why the equilibrium rate of unemployment is much higher now than it was twenty years ago. For example, in the case of men in their prime working years, the unemployment rates of the early and mid 1980s were more than triple the rates experienced by this group in the 1960s. Other groups show similar increase in their equilibrium rates of unemployment. Under the previous grant, the authors characterized many of the key features of the evolution of unemployment over this period, which caused them to reject existing theories of unemployment because they were inconsistent with the facts. It was found that rising unemployment over this period was associated with much longer periods of unemployment and declining sectoral mobility of the labor force. In addition, unemployment cut much more deeply into the population of prime aged workers. Using various sources of micro data on individual unemployment and unemployment duration, the authors will extent this earlier empirical work to a more thorough study of unemployment dynamics at the individual level, including the key role of mobility. An optimizing model will be developed and tested which emphasizes the importance of specific skills and specialization of workers, along with optimal individual mobility decisions by specifically trained workers. Existing theories of labor markets cannot adequately explain the secular increase in equilibrium unemployment rates observed over the past twenty years or so. This project will develop and test a theoretical framework for doing just that. It is hoped that the results of this study may suggest ways of reducing the long-term equilibrium rate of unemployment, and the duration of unemployment spells.

经济学中的一个主要难题是为什么均衡失业率 比二十年前高得多。 比如在 就处于黄金工作年龄的男子而言， 20世纪80年代初和中期， 集团在1960年代。 其他群体在他们的生活中表现出类似的增长， 均衡失业率。 根据先前的拨款， 作者描述了进化的许多关键特征， 这一时期的失业，导致他们拒绝现有的 失业的理论，因为它们与事实不符。 研究发现，这一时期失业率的上升与 失业时间更长， 劳动力的流动性。 此外，失业率下降得更多， 深入到壮年工人中。 使用各种 个人失业和失业微观数据来源 持续时间，作者将这一早期的实证工作扩展到一个更 深入研究个人层面的失业动态， 包括流动性的关键作用。 优化模型将是 开发和测试，强调特定技能的重要性， 工人的专业化，沿着的是最佳的个人流动性 由受过专门训练的工人决定。 现有的劳动力市场理论不能充分解释 均衡失业率长期上升， 在过去的二十年左右。 该项目将开发和测试 这是一个理论框架 希望广大 这项研究的结果可能会建议减少长期 均衡失业率和失业持续时间 法术