Ocean-air Exchange of CO and Some Methyl-Halides and Haloforms

海洋可能是影响全球环境的许多痕量气体的重要来源。在大气中积累的痕量气体可以改变大气的化学和组成。这些变化可能导致气候效应，如全球变暖和降雨模式改变。全球天然源微量气体的排放量特别难以估计，而且对海洋中气体的产生情况知之甚少。该项目将提供数据，使我们更好地了解海洋在确定某些痕量气体水平方面的作用。该项目是对先前一笔赠款的补充的后续行动，这笔赠款使Korolev院士号在太平洋航行期间能够收集空气和海水样本。将对样品进行一氧化碳、卤代甲烷和卤仿的化学分析。一氧化碳是重要的，因为它是羟基自由基损失的主要物质。羟基自由基反过来又在很大程度上控制着大气的氧化能力，而大气的氧化能力是去除许多痕量气体的原因。卤甲烷通常是最丰富的含卤素微量气体，海洋可能是其最重要的天然来源。通过使用统计技术和聚类分析，这些痕量气体的空气和海水浓度将相互关联，并与其他参数，如生物生产力和温度。该项目的目标是描绘这些气体的纬度分布，从而评价其来源的分布，并估计这些气体通过海洋-大气边界的通量。

The oceans may be a significant source of many trace gases that affect the global environment. Trace gases that accumulate in the atmosphere can change the chemistry and composition of the atmosphere. These changes can lead to climatic effects such as global warming and altered rainfall patterns. Global emissions of trace gases from natural sources are particularly difficult to estimate and little is known about production of gases in the oceans. This project will provide data that can improve our understanding of the role of the oceans in determining the levels of certain trace gases. This project is a follow-up on a supplement to a previous grant that allowed the collection of air and seawater samples during a cruise of the Akademik Korolev in the Pacific. The samples will be chemically analyzed for carbon monoxide, methyl halides, and haloforms. Carbon monoxide is important in that it is a primary species for the loss of hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical, in turn, largely controls the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere which is responsible for the removal of many trace gases. The methyl halides are generally the most abundant halogen containing trace gases and the oceans are probably their most significant natural source. By using statistical techniques and cluster analysis, the air and seawater concentrations of these trace gases will be correlated with each other and with other parameters such as biological productivity and temperature. Objectives of this project are to delineate the latitudinal distributions of these gases and thus evaluate the distributions of their sources and to estimate fluxes of these gases through the ocean-atmosphere boundary.