Ocean-air Exchange of CO and Some Methyl-Halides and Haloforms

海洋可能是许多影响全球环境的微量气体的重要来源。在大气中积累的微量气体可以改变大气的化学成分和组成。这些变化可能导致气候效应，如全球变暖和降雨模式改变。全球自然来源的微量气体排放量特别难以估计，对海洋中气体的产生也知之甚少。这个项目将提供的数据可以提高我们对海洋在确定某些微量气体水平方面的作用的理解。该项目是对之前一项资助的补充，该资助允许在科洛廖夫院士号（Akademik Korolev）在太平洋巡航期间收集空气和海水样本。这些样品将被化学分析一氧化碳、甲基卤化物和卤仿。一氧化碳很重要，因为它是羟基自由基损失的主要种类。羟基自由基，反过来，在很大程度上控制大气的氧化能力，这是负责去除许多微量气体。甲基卤化物通常是最丰富的含卤微量气体，海洋可能是它们最重要的天然来源。通过统计技术和聚类分析，这些微量气体的空气和海水浓度将相互关联，并与其他参数（如生物生产力和温度）相关。该项目的目标是划定这些气体的纬度分布，从而评估其来源的分布，并估计这些气体通过海洋-大气边界的通量。

The oceans may be a significant source of many trace gases that affect the global environment. Trace gases that accumulate in the atmosphere can change the chemistry and composition of the atmosphere. These changes can lead to climatic effects such as global warming and altered rainfall patterns. Global emissions of trace gases from natural sources are particularly difficult to estimate and little is known about production of gases in the oceans. This project will provide data that can improve our understanding of the role of the oceans in determining the levels of certain trace gases. This project is a follow-up on a supplement to a previous grant that allowed the collection of air and seawater samples during a cruise of the Akademik Korolev in the Pacific. The samples will be chemically analyzed for carbon monoxide, methyl halides, and haloforms. Carbon monoxide is important in that it is a primary species for the loss of hydroxyl radical. The hydroxyl radical, in turn, largely controls the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere which is responsible for the removal of many trace gases. The methyl halides are generally the most abundant halogen containing trace gases and the oceans are probably their most significant natural source. By using statistical techniques and cluster analysis, the air and seawater concentrations of these trace gases will be correlated with each other and with other parameters such as biological productivity and temperature. Objectives of this project are to delineate the latitudinal distributions of these gases and thus evaluate the distributions of their sources and to estimate fluxes of these gases through the ocean-atmosphere boundary.