The Biogeochemistry of Manganese in the Great Lakes

锰在还原的锰（II）和锰氧化物之间进行动态氧化还原循环。这些转移主导了天然水体和沉积物中锰的生物地球化学行为。虽然锰的氧化还原循环可能对其他元素的化学性质产生重大影响，特别是碳，但这种影响尚未得到广泛研究。因此，锰作为有机物质和分子氧之间电子转移的氧化还原催化剂，在沉积物的整体氧化还原化学中起着重要作用。通过研究沉积物中锰氧化物的微生物和非生物还原，这项工作填补了我们对沉积物中元素氧化还原循环知识的重要空白，特别是在理解锰在有机碳氧化中的作用方面。锰在这个大型淡水系统中的生物地球化学循环将提供对这种元素如何与碳循环相关的理解。最近在奥涅达湖和黑海的研究改变了以前关于锰在缺氧环境中如何减少的观念。这些不同的区域有共同的硫化物，然而锰还原的主要原因是由于硫化物界面以上的生物。这个相当令人惊讶的结果增加了对绿湾研究的影响，表明结果可以外推到许多其他淡水和海洋环境。对于海洋学家和气象学家来说，了解碳是如何在海洋中交换和循环的是很重要的。

Manganese undergoes dynamic redox cycling between reduced Mn(II) and manganese oxides. These transfers dominate the biogeochemical behavior of manganese in natural waters and sediments. Although the manganese redox cycle is likely to have a major impact on the chemistry of other elements, particularly carbon, such effects have not been widely studied. Thus manganese serves as a redox catalysts for the transfer of electrons between organic matter and molecular oxygen and plays an important role in the overall redox chemistry of sediments. By studying the microbial and abiotic reduction of manganese oxides in sediments, the work fills an important gap in our knowledge of elemental redox cycles in sediments, particularly with respect to understanding the role of manganese in the oxidation of organic carbon. Biogeochemical cycling of manganese in this large freshwater system will provide an understanding of how this element relates to the carbon cycle. Previous notions about how manganese is reduced in anoxic environments have recently been changed by studies in Lake Oneida and the Black Sea. These distinct regions have sulfide in common, however the dominant cause of manganese reduction was due to organisms above the sulfide interface. This rather surprising result adds impact to these studies in Green Bay indicates that the results may be extrapolated to many other freshwater and marine environments. It is important to oceanographers as well as meteorologists to know how carbon is exchanged and cycled throughout the ocean.