MAX '91 Coordination and Studies of Solar Activity on Timescales of Milliseconds to Years

MAX 91是一个研究太阳活动的观测计划 在20世纪90年代，重点是协调来自 现有的设施，也从新的气球，火箭和地面- 基于仪器。 因此，该计划要求 早期任命一位太阳物理学家担任“MAX 91 协调员很“这笔赠款的一个组成部分是用于太阳能 物理学家承担MAX 91协调员的角色。 授出 将通过建立可靠的MAX 91系统， 单向和现代双向，基于计算机的生产线， 与太阳物理学界的交流。 协调员 还将与太阳预报员密切合作（特别是 与MAX 91相关），以优化活动的科学产出 以响应实时太阳条件。 三项研究涵盖了太阳能的不同方面 在时间尺度上变化超过11个数量级的活动 还计划： 毫秒-秒 为期三年的观测计划， 高速数码相机系统。 这个系统可以观察到 同时在三个光波长下， 空间分辨率： 通过与X射线数据的比较，预计将解决 加速电子的重要飞行时间效应， 太阳耀斑;这涉及的基本属性 耀斑中的能量释放 秒-小时 “脉冲”的时间和频谱特征的调查 和“渐变”硬X射线爆发： 这项研究将分析4,500多个硬X射线耀斑， 量化两者之间的特征差异 爆发行为的主要类型：冲动型和渐进型。 小时-年 太阳152-158天视周期的研究 在伽玛射线耀斑产生率中首次发现的活动： 根据对数据库的新分析， 在过去的几年里，它旨在建立或 不相信这种“周期性”是一种基本的物理现象， 太阳活动的性质。

MAX91 is an observational program to study solar activity in the 1990's with emphasis on coordination of observations from existing facilities and also from new balloon, rocket and ground- based instrumentation. Accordingly, the program requires the early appointment of a solar physicist to act as the "MAX91 Coordinator." One component of this grant is for a solar physicist to assume the role of MAX91 Coordinator. The grant will effect efficient MAX91 operation by establishing reliable one-way, and modern two-way, computer-based lines of communications to the solar physics community. The Coordinator will also work closely with a solar forecaster (specifically associated with MAX91) to optimize scientific output of campaigns in response to real-time solar conditions. Three studies which encompass varying aspects of solar activity on timescales that vary over eleven orders of magnitude are also planned: Milliseconds - Seconds Three year observational program with a newly developed, high speed digital camera system. This system can observe simultaneously at three optical wavelengths with high temporal and spatial resolution: From comparisons with X-ray data, it is expected to resolve important time-of-flight effects of accelerated electrons in solar flares; this addresses fundamental properties of energy release in flares. Seconds - Hours Investigation of temporal and spectral signatures of "impulsive" and "gradual" hard X-ray bursts: This study will analyze over 4,500 hard X-ray flares to quantify the characteristic differences between the two principal types of flare behavior: impulsive and gradual. Hours - Years Investigation of an apparent 152-158 day periodicity in solar activity first discovered in gamma-ray flare production rates: From new analyses of databases which extend from 10 to 120 years in the past, it is intended to either establish or to discredit this "periodicity" as a fundamental physical property of solar activity.