U.S.-Italy Cooperative Research: Low-Frequency Measurementsof the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation

该奖项将支持一组调查人员， 年，加州大学伯克利分校的乔治斯穆特教授 与该大学的Giorgio Sironi教授合作a Degli Studi di Milano in Milan，意大利. 研究人员计划 对宇宙微波背景进行改进的测量 阿蒙森-斯科特南极辐射温度 站 意大利小组将在频率上进行测量 .8和2.5 GHz，而美国团队将在 频率为1.5、3.8和7.5 GHz。 已经进行了测量 2.5和3.8 GHz的辐射计已经科学地产生了 显著的成果;与升级的设备和更多 有利的南极点，预计更准确， 将获得的结果将补充，验证和扩展 合作者之前的测量结果。 此外，本发明还提供了一种方法， 在90 GHz范围内的大气测量将使用 现有文书。 结合较高频率下的电流测量， 用来自宇宙背景的非常精确的高频数据 探索者（CoBE）卫星，这些测量将更准确地 确定CMBR谱的形状，从而提供有用的 关于早期宇宙热历史的信息 对星系形成和粒子理论产生了重大影响 物理学 此外，大气测量可以帮助测试 通过提供有价值的数据， 使用一套仪器在广泛的范围内进行测量， 大气和气象条件。

This award will support a group of investigators headed by Professor George Smoot of the University of California-Berkeley in collaborative work with Professor Giorgio Sironi of the Universita Degli Studi di Milano in Milan, Italy. The investigators plan to carry out improved measurements of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) temperature from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station. The Italian group will make measurements at frequencies of .8 and 2.5 GHz, while the U.S. team will make measurements at frequencies of 1.5, 3.8, and 7.5 GHz. Already, measurements taken by 2.5 and 3.8 GHz radiometers have yielded scientifically significant results; with upgraded equipment and the more advantageous South Pole site, it is expected that more accurate results will be obtained that will supplement, verify, and extend previous measurements by the collaborators. In addition, atmospheric measurements in the 90GHz range will be done, using existing instruments. In combination with current measurements at higher frequencies and with very accurate high frequency data from the Cosmic Background Explorer (CoBE) satellite, these measurements will more accurately determine the shape of the CMBR spectrum and thus provide useful information about the thermal history of the early universe, significantly affecting theories of galaxy formation and particle physics. In addition, the atmospheric measurement could help test existing models of atmospheric emission by providing valuable data taken with a single set of instruments over a wide range of atmospheric and meteorological conditions.