US-China Cooperative Research Programs: Cytosystematics of Cyprinid Fishes

由美国德州农工大学John R. Gold博士和武汉大学李玉成教授共同提出的“Cyprinid Fishes Cytosystematics”论文是由美国国家科学基金会和中国国家教委共同资助的。研究人员拟对来自美国西部和中国大陆的10-14种鲤科鱼类的染色体NOR表型进行种间变异研究。他们将通过染色体c带、限制性内切酶带和一种在高等脊椎动物中产生类似G-（或R-）型带的新开发方法来研究含nor染色体的种间同源性。该项目的长期目标是评估鲤科鱼类的细胞系统学和进化历史，并评估染色体改变在进化历史中所起的作用。该研究的系统目标是验证要研究的北美西部鲤科是(i)单系的假设，以及（ii）在系统发育上来自鲤科Leuciscinae的亚洲谱系。所检查的每个物种的数据将包括所有NOR位点的数量、位置和染色体类型。C-和其他显带表型将提供具有相同表型的NOR染色体同源性的关键测试，也可以推定地识别涉及NOR位点的染色体重排。染色体数据将使用外群比较进行系统发育分析。其他好处还包括世界上两个领先的鱼类细胞系统实验室的智力合并，以及未来在各种项目上合作的可能性。调查人员还将尝试促进各种鱼类的酒精保存标本和冷冻组织的交换。

This proposal on "Cytosystematics of Cyprinid Fishes" between Dr. John R. Gold Texas A&M University and Professor Li Yucheng of Wuhan University is jointly sponsored by NSF and the Chinese State Educational Commission (SEDC). The investigators propose to investigate interspecific variations in chromosomal NOR phenotypes among 10-14 species of cyprinid fishes from the western United States and mainland China. They will investigate interspecies homologies of NOR-bearing chromosomes by chromosome C-banding, restriction enzyme banding, and a newly developed method which produces what appear to be analogous to G- (or R-) type bands in higher vertebrates. The long-term goals of the project are to assess the cytosystematics and evolutionary history of cyprinid fishes and to evaluate the role that chromosomal alterations have played in that evolutionary history. The systematic objectives of the research are to test the hypotheses that the western North American cyprinids to be examined are (i) monophyletic, and (ii) derived phylogenetically from an Asian lineage in the cyprinid subfamily Leuciscinae. Data for each species examined will include the number, position(s), and chromosome type(s) of all NOR sites. C- and other banding phenotypes will provide critical tests of homology, of NOR chromosomes with identical phenotypes and also putatively identify chromosomal rearrangements involving NOR sites. The chromosomal data will be analyzed phylogenetically using outgroup comparison. Additional benefits will include the intellectual merger of two of the leading fish cytosystematic laboratories in the world, and the possibility of future collaboration on a variety of projects. The investigators will also attempt to promote an exchange of both alcohol-preserved specimens and frozen tissues from a variety of fish species.