US-China Cooperative Research Programs: Cytosystematics of Cyprinid Fishes

这项由德州农工大学John R.Gold博士和武汉大学李玉成教授共同提出的“鲤科鱼类的细胞系统学”研究计划由美国国家科学基金会和中国国家教育委员会共同发起。研究人员建议调查来自美国西部和大陆中国的10-14种鲤科鱼类的染色体NOR表型的种间变异。他们将通过染色体C-带、限制性内切酶带和一种新开发的方法来调查不育染色体的物种间同源性，这种方法产生似乎类似于高等脊椎动物的G-(或R-)型带。该项目的长期目标是评估鲤科鱼类的细胞系统学和进化史，并评估染色体变化在这一进化史中所起的作用。这项研究的系统目标是检验将被研究的北美西部鲤科鱼类是(I)单系进化的，(Ii)从系统发育上来自鲤亚科Leuciscinae的亚洲血统的假设。每个物种的数据将包括所有NOR位点的数量、位置(S)和染色体类型(S)。C-和其他显带表型将为具有相同表型的NOR染色体提供关键的同源性测试，并可能识别涉及NOR位点的染色体重排。染色体数据将采用外群比较的方法进行系统发育分析。其他好处将包括世界上两个领先的鱼类细胞系统实验室在智力上的合并，以及未来在各种项目上合作的可能性。调查人员还将试图促进酒精保存的标本和来自各种鱼类的冷冻组织的交换。

This proposal on "Cytosystematics of Cyprinid Fishes" between Dr. John R. Gold Texas A&M University and Professor Li Yucheng of Wuhan University is jointly sponsored by NSF and the Chinese State Educational Commission (SEDC). The investigators propose to investigate interspecific variations in chromosomal NOR phenotypes among 10-14 species of cyprinid fishes from the western United States and mainland China. They will investigate interspecies homologies of NOR-bearing chromosomes by chromosome C-banding, restriction enzyme banding, and a newly developed method which produces what appear to be analogous to G- (or R-) type bands in higher vertebrates. The long-term goals of the project are to assess the cytosystematics and evolutionary history of cyprinid fishes and to evaluate the role that chromosomal alterations have played in that evolutionary history. The systematic objectives of the research are to test the hypotheses that the western North American cyprinids to be examined are (i) monophyletic, and (ii) derived phylogenetically from an Asian lineage in the cyprinid subfamily Leuciscinae. Data for each species examined will include the number, position(s), and chromosome type(s) of all NOR sites. C- and other banding phenotypes will provide critical tests of homology, of NOR chromosomes with identical phenotypes and also putatively identify chromosomal rearrangements involving NOR sites. The chromosomal data will be analyzed phylogenetically using outgroup comparison. Additional benefits will include the intellectual merger of two of the leading fish cytosystematic laboratories in the world, and the possibility of future collaboration on a variety of projects. The investigators will also attempt to promote an exchange of both alcohol-preserved specimens and frozen tissues from a variety of fish species.