Biological Control of Land Surface Atmosphere Exchange: An Ecosystem Approach

陆地表面大气交换的生物控制：生态系统方法

• 批准号: 8820508
• 负责人: David Schimel
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-03-15 至 1991-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8820508&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Biological; Control; Land; Surface; Atmosphere

Biological control of water, carbon dioxide and energy exchange at the land surface is an important factor modifying climate, and climate change; its study requires consideration of biophysical processes over time and space scales of ecosystem change. Simple biophysical models have been employed to address land surface/climate interactions, but controls over mass and energy fluxes by ecosystem processes such as nutrient availability or herbivory have not been considered. It is hypothesized that biotic controls such as nutrients and herbivory significantly affect vegetation-mediated mass and energy fluxes, and that these biological effects are largest when fluxes are largest. Preliminary landscape-scale process studies suggest that leaf nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency are key parameters regulating exchange, and have high spatial amplitude at both proposed sites (short- and tall- grasslands). It is proposed to analyze ecosystem controls over mass and energy fluxes and develop a model designed for use at landscape to regional scales. The model explicitly considers variation in characteristic time rates of change of biophysical and ecosystem processes and may be driven using remotely-sensed inputs. Process studies will develop relationships among plant and ecosystem variables and spectral features. This project will evaluate GIS and remote sensing-based techniques for spatial extrapolation using the model, including applications of new high spectral resolution sensors. Several approaches for choosing spatial resolution for spatial simulation will be compared and evaluated relative to measured regional carbon dioxide and water fluxes at the Konza and Central Plains LTER sites. The immediate phase of this project will address (1) the ability of coupled models to simulate seasonal fluxes at selected sites and (2) the ability of field spectrometers to detect plant canopy characteristics necessary to the simulations. The project team is excellent. Institutional accommodations and facilities are quite good. The research should produce results important to resolution of questions on grazing land production and the effects of possible climate change. The Ecosystem Studies Program recommends that an award be made.

水、二氧化碳和能源的生物控制 陆地表面的交换是一个重要因素， 气候和气候变化;其研究需要考虑 生态系统时空尺度上的生物物理过程 变化 简单的生物物理模型已被用来解决 陆面/气候相互作用，但控制质量和 生态系统过程的能量通量，如养分 可用性或食草性尚未考虑。 是 假设生物控制，如营养和草食动物， 显著影响植被介导物质和能量通量， 当通量达到最大时，这些生物效应最大。 最大的。 初步的大规模工艺研究表明， 叶片氮素和氮素利用效率是关键参数 调节交换，并且在两个方向上都具有高空间振幅， 拟议地点（矮草地和高草地）。 提出要 分析生态系统对质量和能量通量的控制， 开发一个设计用于景观到区域尺度的模型。 该模型明确考虑了特征时间的变化 生物物理和生态系统过程的变化率， 使用遥感输入驱动。 工艺研究将 发展植物和生态系统变量之间的关系， 光谱特征 该项目将评估地理信息系统和远程 用于空间外推的基于感测的技术， 模型，包括新的高光谱分辨率 传感器. 选择空间分辨率的几种方法 空间模拟将相对于 在孔扎测量的区域二氧化碳和水通量 和Central Plains LTER站点。 该项目的下一阶段将解决（1） 耦合模式模拟季节通量的能力 地点和（2）现场光谱仪检测植物的能力 模拟所需的冠层特征。 项目团队非常出色。 机构设施 设施也很好。 这项研究应该产生 对解决牧场问题具有重要意义的成果 生产和可能的气候变化的影响。 生态系统研究计划建议， 进行了