Neural Mechanisms of Olfactory Responses to Salamander Courtship Pheromones

蝾螈求偶信息素嗅觉反应的神经机制

• 批准号: 8909159
• 负责人: Lynne Houck
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-11-15 至 1990-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8909159&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neural; Mechanisms; Olfactory; Responses; Salamander

Pheromones are a chemical substance produced by one individual that conveys information to other individuals of the same species. This form of chemical communication can evoke neural effects that produce immediate behavioral responses or act through the endocrine and reproductive systems to cause delayed physiological responses. While much of this work has been carried out using invertebrates, pheromones are important signals in other species, including humans. Dr. Houck has generated a wealth of information about the behavioral/social changes in females exposed to pheromones released by males. With this Career Advancement Award, she will extend her behavioral work by determining how individual cells in the brain respond to these pheromones. By learning sophisticated neurophysiological techniques, Dr. Houck will examine the mechanisms by which natural odors are perceived and determine whether pheromones released from certain individuals are more effective in eliciting a physiological response from females. Her approach combines the study of physiological reactions with an evolution interpretation of chemical cues that affect behavioral responses. Pheromonal research is playing an important role in the noninvasive control of various pest populations that destroy crops in America. In addition, advances made by these types of studies are being used to identify the subtle cues signalling the approach of ovulation in domestic stock, thus allowing more precise timing of artificial insemination, resulting in greatly increased breeding efficiency.

信息素是一种化学物质， 将信息传递给其他个体 物种 这种形式的化学通讯可以唤起神经元 产生立即行为反应或行动的效果 通过内分泌和生殖系统造成延迟 生理反应。 虽然这项工作的大部分已经 利用无脊椎动物进行，信息素是重要的信号 包括人类在内的其他物种。 霍克博士已经生成了一个 关于行为/社会变化的丰富信息， 雌性暴露在雄性释放的信息素中 与此 职业发展奖，她将通过以下方式扩展她的行为工作： 确定大脑中的单个细胞如何对这些信号做出反应， 费洛蒙 通过学习复杂的神经生理学 技术，霍克博士将研究的机制， 自然气味被感知并决定信息素是否 从某些人身上释放出来的， 女性的生理反应 她的方法结合了 用进化论解释生理反应的研究 影响行为反应的化学线索。 信息素 研究在非侵入性控制中发挥着重要作用 各种各样的害虫种群摧毁了美国的农作物。 在 此外，这些类型的研究所取得的进展正在使用 来识别排卵期到来的微妙信号 国内库存，从而可以更精确地 人工授精，大大增加了繁殖 效率