Neural mechanisms for decoding olfactory information in Drosophila

果蝇解码嗅觉信息的神经机制

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    10359701
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2020-03-01 至 2025-02-28
  • 项目状态:
    未结题

项目摘要

Neural encoding, the process by which the brain converts sensory stimuli into patterns of electrical activity within neurons, is critical for sensation to guide action. Despite this importance, little is known about how neural codes are actually used – or “decoded” – by downstream networks in the brain. This gap is due to two basic challenges: (1) causally perturbing the code with spatiotemporal precision, and (2) measuring the resulting activity from identified postsynaptic target neurons. Here, we propose to overcome these challenges, by investigating how an olfactory neural code is decoded by its downstream network in a tractable experimental system: the fruit fly, Drosophila. We have developed new methods to “write” spike patterns into populations of central projection neurons with single cell-type resolution using 2-photon optogenetics, while recording from their postsynaptic target neurons, which we have recently identified. This enables direct causal control of precise spiking features of the olfactory neural population code. In Aim 1, we will control combinatorial patterns of spike rates and relative spike latencies in projection neurons with 2-photon optogenetics to determine how these patterns are decoded by downstream neurons. In Aim 2, we will combine 2-photon optogenetic stimulation with olfactory stimulation to examine how sensory adaptation changes the logic of decoding. In Aim 3, we will test how the downstream neurons are themselves flexibly decoded into hunger-dependent chemotaxis behavior. Together, these studies will reveal basic mechanisms by which the brain decodes its own neural code for olfaction. Although there are differences between flies and mammals, the basic logic of neural coding is remarkably conserved between invertebrates and vertebrates. These similarities suggest that discoveries made in the fruit fly will be relevant to the mechanisms of decoding in other animals. A more thorough understanding of the principles of neural decoding within the brain has the potential to transform the development of novel brain- machine interfaces that could improve the outcomes of patients with brain injuries.
神经编码是大脑将感官刺激转化为神经元内电活动模式的过程,对于感觉引导行动至关重要。尽管如此重要,但人们对如何做到这一点知之甚少。 神经代码实际上是由大脑中的下游网络使用或“解码”的。这一差距是由于两个 基本挑战:(1)以时空精度因果地扰动代码,以及(2)测量来自所识别的突触后靶神经元的所得活动。 在这里,我们建议克服这些挑战,通过研究如何嗅觉神经代码是由其下游网络在一个易于处理的实验系统解码:果蝇,果蝇。我们已经开发了新的方法来“写”尖峰模式到群体的中央投射神经元与单细胞型 分辨率使用双光子光遗传学,同时记录他们的突触后靶神经元,我们有 最近发现的。这使得能够直接因果控制嗅觉神经群体代码的精确尖峰特征。在目标1中,我们将用双光子光遗传学控制投射神经元中的尖峰速率和相对尖峰延迟的组合模式,以确定这些模式如何被下游神经元解码。在目标2中,我们将联合收割机结合双光子光遗传学刺激与嗅觉刺激来研究如何 感官适应改变了解码的逻辑。在目标3中,我们将测试下游神经元是如何 自身灵活地解码成饥饿依赖的趋化行为。这些研究将揭示 大脑解码嗅觉神经编码的基本机制。 虽然果蝇和哺乳动物之间存在差异,但神经编码的基本逻辑在无脊椎动物和脊椎动物之间非常保守。这些相似之处表明, 果蝇将与其他动物的解码机制有关。的更透彻理解 大脑中神经解码的原理有可能改变新大脑的发展, 可以改善脑损伤患者预后的机器接口。

项目成果

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James McClure Jeanne其他文献

James McClure Jeanne的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('James McClure Jeanne', 18)}}的其他基金

Synaptic mechanisms of temporal pattern separation
时间模式分离的突触机制
  • 批准号:
    10709772
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 项目类别:
Neural mechanisms for decoding olfactory information in Drosophila
果蝇解码嗅觉信息的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    10577876
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 项目类别:
Neural mechanisms for decoding olfactory information in Drosophila
果蝇解码嗅觉信息的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    10115692
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 项目类别:
Function and Mechanism of Neural Spike Coherence in Drosophila
果蝇神经尖峰一致性的功能和机制
  • 批准号:
    8636326
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 项目类别:
Function and Mechanism of Neural Spike Coherence in Drosophila
果蝇神经尖峰一致性的功能和机制
  • 批准号:
    8522900
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 40.36万
  • 项目类别:

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