Brain Mechanisms of Thirst

口渴的大脑机制

• 批准号: 8909439
• 负责人: Neil Rowland
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-08-15 至 1993-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8909439&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Brain; Mechanisms; Thirst

The concept of "homeostasis" (the idea that the body tends to balance various factors to maintain a stable internal state) is a key part of most current explanations of ingestive behavior, in particular water and salt intake. However, a number of observations, including Dr. Rowland's own, suggest that this is too simple a view of the mechanism and organization of ingestive behaviors. This research project will critically examine the homeostatic model in several new ways, including the use of a sham-drinking rat preparation in which ingested fluids are lost through a tube from the stomach out of the animal. Dr. Rowland and others have shown that water deprivation increases sham drinking more than normal drinking. Surprisingly, however, Dr. Rowland has been unable to produce this greater increase in sham drinking with the presumed elementary thirst stimuli, hypovolemia (low blood volume) and hyperosmolarity (high concentration of chemicals dissolved in the blood). The first experiment will use different routes of administration of salt at different times of day in order to assess the generality of the surprising finding. Dr. Rowland will also examine the microstructure (bursts and pauses) of drinking and attempt to assess the role of very-short-term feedback loops on oral satiety that may override physiologic thirst signals (and thus be independent of the controls of fluid homeostasis). While such oral satiety factors have been suspected for many years, they have never been analyzed convincingly. The second and third experiments will deal with oral versus systemic factors in the control of salt intake, again using sham ingestion as an experimental tool to separate oral from systemic (pre- and post-ingestional) factors. At least two different strains of rats will be studied because of genetic differences in salt preference. Dr. Rowland hopes to be able to assess, from microstructural analysis of sham drinking, the mechanisms by which this genetic difference affects behavior. Dr. Rowland's studies place a new theoretical importance on oral factors as primary mechanisms in maintaining fluid balance and have wider implications for the interplay between systemic states and environmental stimuli in the control of behavior.

“体内平衡”的概念（身体倾向于 平衡各种因素以保持稳定的内部状态）是一种 最新的摄食行为解释的关键部分，在 特别是水和盐的摄入量。 但若干 包括罗兰博士自己在内的观察表明， 过于简单的摄入机制和组织的观点， 行为。 本研究项目将严格审查 稳态模型在几个新的方式，包括使用一个 一种摄入的液体丢失的假饮水大鼠制剂 从胃里通过一根管子排出体外 罗兰博士和其他人已经证明， 比正常饮酒增加更多的虚假饮酒。 令人惊奇的是， 然而，罗兰博士一直无法产生这种更大的 增加假饮酒与假定的基本口渴 刺激、低血容量（低血容量）和高渗透压（高 溶解在血液中的化学物质的浓度）。 第一 实验将使用不同的盐给药途径， 不同的时间，以评估的一般性， 惊人的发现 罗兰博士还将检查 微结构（爆发和暂停）的饮用和尝试， 评估非常短期的反馈回路对口腔饱腹感的作用 其可以覆盖生理口渴信号（并且因此 独立于流体稳态的控制）。 虽然这种 多年来，人们一直怀疑口腔饱腹感因素， 从未被令人信服地分析过。 第二和第三个实验将处理口头与 控制盐摄入量的全身因素，再次使用假手术 作为实验工具，将口服与全身性 (pre-和摄入后）因素。 至少两个不同 由于遗传差异，将对大鼠品系进行研究， 盐的偏好 罗兰博士希望能够评估，从 微结构分析假饮酒，机制， 这种基因差异会影响行为。 罗兰博士的研究为口腔医学提供了新的理论依据。 作为维持体液平衡的主要机制的因素， 对系统性国家之间的相互作用具有更广泛的影响 和环境刺激对行为的控制。