The Rise and Fall of Evolutionary Morphology

达尔文进化论是现代生物学的基础，当然也是19世纪生物学研究的最高成就。尽管达尔文进化论目前处于中心地位，但在19世纪，通过自然选择手段进行的达尔文进化论并未被广泛接受。然而，有一个主要的接受据点：德国长期以来一直被视为“达尔文主义的第二故乡”。尽管有这种独特的特点，科学史学家却出人意料地很少注意到支持达尔文主义的德国生物学家，即达尔文主义。德国大学生物学家。最重要的是，我们对德国生物学家惊人的非达尔文主义的进化方法缺乏令人满意的解释，这种方法后来被称为“进化形态”。尼哈特博士正在分析从1859年达尔文理论发表之前到1900年前后德国进化形态的命运。利用以前未开发的档案资源，这项研究正在追踪形态学者的理论承诺与他们在大学系统中微不足道的机构地位之间的关系。通过采用这种方法，尼哈特希望不仅能解释这一特定研究项目的兴衰，还能说明制度和学科因素在科学知识发展中的作用程度。

Darwinian evolution serves as a foundation for modern biology and is certainly the crowning achievement of 19th century biological research. Despite it's present centrality, Darwinian evolution by means of natural selection was not widely accepted in the 19th century. There was, however, one major stronghold of acceptance: Germany has long been considered " Darwinism's second home." Despite this unique trait, historians of science have paid surprisingly little attention to the German biologists who supported Darwinism, viz. German university biologists. Most significantly, we lack a satisfactory account of German biologists' strikingly un-Darwinian approach to evolution, which came to be known as "evolutionary morphology." Dr. Nyhart is analyzing the fate of evolutionary morphology in Germany from just before the publication of Darwin's theory in 1859 to its eclipse around 1900. Using previously untapped archival sources, the study is tracing the relationship between the morphologists' theoretical commitments and their tenuous institutional position within the university system. By taking this approach, Dr. Nyhart hopes to explain not only the rise and decline of this particular research program, but also to illustrate the extent to which institutional and disciplinary factors play a role in the development of scientific knowledge.