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The Rise and Fall of Evolutionary Morphology

进化形态学的兴衰

基本信息

批准号：
8910873
负责人：
Lynn Nyhart
金额：
$ 4万
依托单位：
University of Wisconsin-Madison
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1989-08-15 至 1991-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8910873&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Rise Fall Evolutionary Morphology

项目摘要

Darwinian evolution serves as a foundation for modern biology and is certainly the crowning achievement of 19th century biological research. Despite it's present centrality, Darwinian evolution by means of natural selection was not widely accepted in the 19th century. There was, however, one major stronghold of acceptance: Germany has long been considered " Darwinism's second home." Despite this unique trait, historians of science have paid surprisingly little attention to the German biologists who supported Darwinism, viz. German university biologists. Most significantly, we lack a satisfactory account of German biologists' strikingly un-Darwinian approach to evolution, which came to be known as "evolutionary morphology." Dr. Nyhart is analyzing the fate of evolutionary morphology in Germany from just before the publication of Darwin's theory in 1859 to its eclipse around 1900. Using previously untapped archival sources, the study is tracing the relationship between the morphologists' theoretical commitments and their tenuous institutional position within the university system. By taking this approach, Dr. Nyhart hopes to explain not only the rise and decline of this particular research program, but also to illustrate the extent to which institutional and disciplinary factors play a role in the development of scientific knowledge.

达尔文进化论是现代生物学的基础，无疑是19世纪生物学的最高成就 research. 尽管达尔文的进化论是目前的中心论，自然选择的方法在19世纪并没有被广泛接受世纪。然而，有一个主要的接受据点：德国一直被认为是“达尔文主义的第二故乡”。" 尽管有这一独特的特点，科学史家付出了代价，令人惊讶的是，支持达尔文主义的人，即德国大学生物学家。最值得注意是，我们缺乏一个令人满意的德国帐户，生物学家对进化的非达尔文式的研究方法，被称为“进化形态学”“Nyhart博士是分析进化形态学在德国的命运，就在1859年达尔文的理论发表之前， 1900年左右的日食利用以前未开发的档案资源，这项研究正在追踪形态学家理论承诺及其脆弱的制度地位在大学系统内。通过这种方法，博士。尼哈特希望不仅能解释这一现象的兴起和衰落，特别是研究计划，但也说明了程度，哪些制度和纪律因素在发展科学知识。