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Dissertation Research: Arctic Explorers and the American Scientific Community,1850-1909

论文研究：北极探险家和美国科学界，1850-1909

基本信息

批准号：
9817721
负责人：
Lynn Nyhart
金额：
$ 0.8万
依托单位：
University of Wisconsin-Madison
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1999
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1999-08-01 至 2000-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9817721&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Arctic Explorers American

项目摘要

This dissertation research project will examine American debates about the Arctic in the late nineteenth century. In particular, it will trace three nested debates concerning: theories of Arctic geography, the legitimacy of explorers as scientific practitioners, and the value of Arctic science and exploration. Taken together, these debates demonstrate the close and complex interactions of scientific and popular culture in the late nineteenth century, and suggest revisions to our current analysis of the "rise" of American science. Specifically, debates over the Arctic reveal that 1) Arctic explorers operated from a position "between" scientific and popular cultures, mediating the flow of knowledge and authority about the Arctic, and that 2) despite the growing cultural authority of the scientific community in the late nineteenth century, public views about science and its practitioners frequently diverged from the views of scientific elites. While most analyses of Arctic science have focused on the activities of explorers in the Arctic, this dissertation research follows explorers through the institutions and lecture halls of America, where they built support for their expeditions among the elite scientific community as well as public audiences. In tracing the shifting scientific and social positions of Arctic explorers in American culture, the research will reveal a broader struggle over scientific authority between elites and "popular scientists" in the last half of the nineteenth century.

这篇论文的研究项目将探讨美国在世纪后期关于北极的争论。特别是，它将追踪三个嵌套的辩论：北极地理理论，探险家作为科学实践者的合法性，以及北极科学和探索的价值。总的来说，这些争论表明了科学和流行文化在19世纪后期密切而复杂的相互作用，并建议修改我们目前对美国科学“崛起”的分析。具体而言，关于北极的争论表明：1）北极探险家们处于科学文化和大众文化之间的位置，调解了关于北极的知识和权威的流动; 2）尽管科学界在19世纪后期的文化权威不断增长，但公众对科学及其从业者的看法经常与科学精英的看法不同。虽然大多数北极科学的分析都集中在北极探险家的活动，本论文的研究如下探险家通过美国的机构和演讲霍尔斯，在那里他们建立了支持他们的探险精英科学界以及公众观众。在追踪北极探险家在美国文化中不断变化的科学和社会地位时，这项研究将揭示世纪后半叶精英和“大众科学家”之间围绕科学权威的更广泛的斗争。