The Dynamics of Decisionmaking in Immigration Enforcement

移民执法决策的动态

• 批准号: 8911263
• 负责人: Janet Gilboy
• 金额: $ 4.67万
• 依托单位: American Bar Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-08-01 至 1992-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8911263&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Decisionmaking; Immigration; Enforcement

Every day thousands of individuals stand at the borders of the United States and seek to be admitted. Many are United States Citizens returning from vacations or business trips. Others are aliens seeking to enter the country. Should the border inspector challenge the qualifications of an individual seeking to enter the United States, his or her admissibility will be determined in exclusion proceedings before an Immigration Judge. These decisions are extremely important and affect not only those who desire to enter, but also U.S. citizens, permanent residents, and companies who stand to benefit from the alien's admission. Moreover, decisions over the entry of foreign nationals have important international implications and are a potential source of tension between countries. Despite its importance and concerns about the immense discretionary power delegated to immigration government officials, little is known about the nature of governmental decisionmaking in controlling the flow of foreign nationals into the United States. This study is an empirical examination of Immigration and Naturalization Service and Immigration Judge decisionmaking regarding aliens seeking to enter or reenter the United States. The major focus for exploration of how national exclusion laws and procedures are implemented will be the Chicago, Illinois immigration court since it is the second largest in the country and conducts several hundred formal exclusion hearings a year. Applying the organizational approach to the exclusion decisionmaking process, the study will explore three broad areas of practical and scholarly interest: (1) the organizational environment of the Immigration Service, including its functioning in relation to the wider administrative, legal and political system; (2) the nature of the internal process through which Service employees adjudicate applications for admission to the U.S.; and (3) the patterns and practices of immigration regulation by the Immigration Service and immigration court through the use of aggregate data. Immigration exclusion laws are one of many interrelated mechanisms of social control of foreign nationals by a sovereign state. The results of this study will have important policy implications as well as contributing significantly to theoretical knowledge about decisionmaking in a little studied area of the law. In addition, the study will explore the interrelationships among a variety of state institutions (the Immigration Service, immigration court, the State Department, the U.S. Customs Agency, and U.S. Attorney's Office) and private enterprises (airline carriers) that shape decisionmaking. Consequently, the study offers an opportunity to examine some interesting and intricate ways in which discretionary decisionmaking by a local entity of a Federal bureaucracy may be shaped by institutional relationships and ties operating at both the local and national levels.

每天都有成千上万的人站在美国边境寻求入境。 许多人是度假或出差归来的美国公民。 其他人是寻求进入该国的外国人。 如果边境检查员对寻求进入美国的个人的资格提出质疑，则移民法官​​将在排除程序中确定其是否可以入境。 这些决定极其重要，不仅影响那些想要入境的人，还影响到美国公民、永久居民和从外国人入境中受益的公司。 此外，有关外国人入境的决定具有重要的国际影响，也是国家之间紧张局势的潜在根源。 尽管其重要性和对授予移民政府官员的巨大自由裁量权的担忧，但人们对控制外国人进入美国的政府决策的性质知之甚少。 本研究是对移民归化局以及移民法官关于寻求进入或重新进入美国的外国人的决策的实证检验。 探索国家排除法律和程序如何实施的主要焦点将是伊利诺伊州芝加哥移民法院，因为它是美国第二大移民法院，每年举行数百场正式排除听证会。 该研究将组织方法应用于排除决策过程，将探讨具有实际和学术意义的三个广泛领域：（1）移民局的组织环境，包括其与更广泛的行政、法律和政治体系相关的职能； (2) 军种雇员裁定进入美国的申请的内部程序的性质； (3) 移民局和移民法院通过使用汇总数据进行移民监管的模式和做法。 移民排斥法是主权国家对外国人进行社会控制的众多相互关联的机制之一。 这项研究的结果将产生重要的政策影响，并对法律研究较少的领域的决策理论知识做出重大贡献。 此外，该研究还将探讨影响决策的各种国家机构（移民局、移民法院、国务院、美国海关总署和美国检察官办公室）和私营企业（航空公司）之间的相互关系。 因此，该研究提供了一个机会来研究一些有趣且复杂的方式，在这些方式中，联邦官僚机构的地方实体的自由裁量决策可能受到地方和国家层面运作的机构关系和联系的影响。