Law and Responsibility: International Airlines, the U.S. Immigration Service, and Detection of Illegal Travelers

法律与责任：国际航空公司、美国移民局以及非法旅客的侦查

• 批准号: 9601430
• 负责人: Janet Gilboy
• 金额: $ 2.9万
• 依托单位: American Bar Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-09-01 至 1999-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9601430&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Law; Responsibility; International; Airlines; U.S.

9601430 Gilboy This study explores a recent dramatic change in U.S. efforts to combat clandestine immigration through the regulation of international airlines. In the past, airlines operated under a stringent liability system in which regardless of the thoroughness of their screening they were subject to stiff sanctions if they transported an inadequately documented traveler. In October 1994, however, these screening laws were significantly relaxed. In exploring this recent policy change the study has two objectives. First, it examines the debate between international airlines and the U.S. Immigration Service over airline responsibility for illegal travelers. The research describes and analyzes the differing perspectives about airline responsibility for illegal travelers such as asylum seekers who board planes with forged documents, destroy them on route, and then claim asylum once they have arrived. Second, it explores the sources of the recent legislative change, focusing on the context in which the legislative policy shift occurred. The study examines several explanations (economic concerns, political interests, transnational forces, ideas about deregulation and private enforcement) for the congressional decision to change the century old approach to carrier regulation. Canada, where relaxation of stringent laws also occurred recently, will provide a useful additional case to begin to refine and elaborate the model. This analysis of clandestine immigration and its control through the use of international airlines will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental issue of public and private domains and the role of law in their articulation. %%%%

9601430 Gilboy这项研究探讨了最近美国通过对国际航空公司的监管来打击秘密移民的努力发生的巨大变化。在过去，航空公司在严格的责任制度下运作，无论他们的检查是否彻底，如果他们运送的旅行者证件不足，他们都会受到严厉的制裁。然而，在1994年10月，这些甄别法律大大放宽。 在探讨这一最近的政策变化时，这项研究有两个目标。首先，它考察了国际航空公司和美国移民局之间关于航空公司对非法旅客的责任的争论。该研究描述并分析了关于航空公司对非法旅客责任的不同观点，例如寻求庇护者用伪造的文件登机，在途中销毁它们，然后在抵达后申请庇护。 其次，它探讨了最近的立法变化的来源，重点是立法政策转变发生的背景。这项研究探讨了几种解释（经济问题，政治利益，跨国力量，放松管制和私人执法的想法）的国会决定改变世纪的老办法，以承运人的监管。加拿大最近也放松了严格的法律，这将为开始完善和阐述这一模式提供另一个有用的案例。 对利用国际航空公司进行的秘密移民及其控制的分析将有助于我们理解公共和私人领域的基本问题以及法律在阐明这些问题方面的作用。 %%%%