The American Style in Physiology: Case Studies of Four Research Schools

盖森博士正在研究生理学的历史， 美国该学科的研究学校之前 第二次世界大战：芝加哥、哈佛、约翰霍普金斯和华盛顿 圣路易斯大学 尽管一个快速增长的机构， 生物医学科学的历史文献 美国生理学的技术和概念内容 很少引起注意。他是四所学校中 学习，只有哈佛已经审查了以前在任何 细节，即使在这种情况下，仍有许多工作要做。 这 这项研究是一项更广泛的研究的初步阶段， 美国生理学的社会、概念和技术史。 这项更大规模的研究试图验证一个假设，即一个人可以 一个独特的“美国人”（或至少是“英国人”）， 美国”）的生理学风格，特点是分散的 生物控制激素的模型。 这里最初的重点是 生理学在芝加哥，部分原因是那里的研究进行了 从A。J.卡尔森似乎违背了这一点 所谓的“美国风格”，但也因为一个加速 在芝加哥的科学史上的活动 在1992年接近其百年庆典-从而使一个 生理学与其他学科的比较研究 生物学的历史在那里被研究。 如果这个探索性的 研究工作，将进行更广泛的研究计划。

Dr. Geison is examining the history of physiology at four leading research schools in the discipline in the United States before World War II: Chicago, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, and Washington University, St. Louis. Despite a rapidly growing body of literature on the history of the biomedical sciences in the United States, the technical and conceptual content of physiology has attracted little attention. Of the four schools he is studying, only Harvard has been examined previously in any detail, and even in that case much remains to be done. This study represents a preliminary phase in a broader study of the social, conceptual, and technical history of American physiology. That larger study seeks to test the hypothesis that one can identify a distinctively "American" (or at least "Anglo- American") style of physiology, characterized by decentralized models of biological control hormones. The initial focus here is physiology at Chicago, partly because the research there carried out by A. J. Carlson seems to run against the grain of this alleged "American style" but also because of an accelerating activity in the history of science at Chicago as that university approaches its centennial celebration in 1992--thus allowing a comparative study of physiology with the other branches of the history of biology being studied there. If this exploratory study works out, a broader research program will be pursued.