An Examination of Equity Issues and the Global Greenhouse Effect

股票问题和全球温室效应的审视

• 批准号: 8911919
• 负责人: William Moomaw
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: World Resources Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-01-01 至 1990-01-01
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=8911919&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Examination; Equity; Issues; Global; Greenhouse

Studies in Science, Technology and Society (SSTS) supports projects that examine the social, economic, political and intellectual contexts that influence the development and use of science and technology. Ethics and Values Studies supports projects that examine the social values and mutual obligations and responsibilities that arise in these interactions. Recent interest in processes of global environmental change has led both SSTS and the Division of Social and Economic Sciences at NSF to encourage research on the human dimensions of these phenomena. This project examines these issues in the context of the phenomenon of global warming, one of a class of elusive hazards. Elusive hazards are those which by their nature have effects which are difficult to attribute and occur only cumulatively and after long periods of time. These kinds of hazards are also politically elusive; attribution of cause and effect is difficult and crosses national boundaries. Addressing global greenhouse effects raises two clusters of equity issues: inter-generational and intra-generational. Furthermore, this is an area of scientific complexity and uncertainty. Thus, as nations attempt to reduce their release of gases that contribute to global climate change, they must be convinced that achieving uncertain benefits in the future will be worth incurring costs now. The problem requires a consideration of intergenerational responsibility; some way of thinking about what kind of environment those of us now living owe those who will succeed us. Second, if a decision is made that preventative or adaptive action should be taken, there are issues of intragenerational equity; they concern how costs will or should be allocated among those now living. This project will consider these normative and conceptual questions in the context of relevant scientific data and realistic policy options, using a number of kinds of scientific models and negotiated agreements to assess the effectiveness and fairness of different proposed greenhouse reduction schemes. It will analyse different theories about how to determine economic obligations and moral responsibilities and how to allocate costs for reduction in rates of change, and develop means for testing models to assess those economic and social issues. A review panel will provide advice to and evaluate results from the project. Results are expected to include some recommendations for international agreements. A scholarly monograph and other publications, including some for public audiences, will result. This study comes from a group of well-qualified researchers. Research and dissemination plans are appropriate; institutional support is very good; the budget is adequate. The project has important implications for our understanding of equity issues and the global greenhouse effect, and should help to identify fruitful directions for further research. Support is highly recommended.

科学、技术和社会研究（SSTS） 审查社会、经济、政治和 知识背景，影响开发和使用 科学技术 道德和价值观研究支持 研究社会价值观和相互义务的项目 以及在这些互动中产生的责任。 最近 对全球环境变化过程的关注导致了 SSTS和NSF的社会和经济科学部， 鼓励研究这些现象的人的方面。 本项目将在以下背景下审查这些问题： 全球变暖现象，一类难以捉摸的危害之一。 逃避性危险是指那些本质上具有影响的危险， 这些问题很难归因，只能累积发生， 在很长一段时间之后。 这些危险也是 政治上难以捉摸;因果关系难以确定 并跨越国界。应对全球温室效应 影响提出了两组公平问题： 和同代人之间 此外，这是一个 科学的复杂性和不确定性。 因此，当国家试图 减少他们释放的气体， 气候变化，他们必须相信，实现不确定的 未来的利益将值得现在付出代价。 的 问题需要考虑代际 责任;某种方式思考什么样的 我们现在生活的人欠那些将接替我们的人。 第二，如果做出预防性或适应性的决定， 应该采取行动，存在代内问题， 公平;它们涉及成本将如何或应该如何在 那些现在活着的人。 本项目将考虑这些规范性和 相关科学数据背景下的概念问题 和现实的政策选择，使用一些种类的 科学模型和谈判达成的协议， 不同温室方案的有效性和公平性 减少计划。 它将分析不同的理论， 确定经济义务和道德责任， 如何分配降低变化率的成本，以及 开发测试模型的手段，以评估这些经济和 社会问题。 一个审查小组将向 评估项目的结果。 结果预计将 包括一些关于国际协定建议。 一 学术专著和其他出版物，包括一些 观众，将产生。 这项研究来自一群合格的研究人员。 研究和传播计划是适当的;体制性的 支持很好，预算充足。 该项目 对我们理解公平问题的重要影响， 全球温室效应，并应有助于确定 为进一步研究提供了富有成效的方向。 支持度很高 推荐