Endosymbiosis and origin of new cell components

这个项目的长期目标是阐明宿主-共生体 关系，并制定一个全面的理论， 将新获得的共生体整合到宿主细胞中， 获得新的细胞成分和细胞表型的变化 字符. 在最近建立的变形虫-细菌共生关系中， 共生细菌原本对宿主有害， 几年内就需要电池组件，带来许多变化 在细胞的字符。 具体目标是测试以下4项 假设：1）共生体产生的29-kD蛋白是一个因子 所需的主机变形虫为他们的生存，2），共生体 膜有一个“防融合”成分，负责 防止溶酶体与共生体融合，3）质粒 共生X细菌的DNA编码X细菌的细胞表面成分， 赋予它们抵抗消化和传染性的细菌 和4）X-细菌来自其中一种细菌菌株 通常生活在变形虫文化中。 这些研究将使用 单克隆抗体免疫细胞化学方法，基因克隆， 核苷酸测序、凝胶电泳、显微外科等 生物化学和分子生物学技术。 预期的成果不仅将增进我们对 建立和维持稳定的 内共生，也将提供洞察新细胞的起源 真核细胞中的组分和细胞特征的变化。 在 此外，部分结果可能适用于治疗 研究由传染性病原体引起的疾病， 可能通过类似的机制避免被宿主细胞消化。 //

The long-term goals of this project are to elucidate host-symbiont relationships and to formulate a comprehensive theory for the integration of newly acquired symbionts into host cells leading to the acquisition of new cell components and changes in cellular phenotypic characters. In the recently established amoeba-bacteria symbiosis, symbiotic bacteria were originally harmful to the hosts but changed to required cell components within a few years, bringing about many changes in cell characters. The specific aims are to test the following 4 hypothesis: 1) That the symbiont-produced 29-kD protein is a factor required by host amoebae for their survival, 2) that the symbiosome membrane has a "fusion-preventing" component which is responsible for the prevention of lysosomal fusion with symbiosomes, 3) that the plasmid DNAs of symbiotic X-bacteria code for cell-surface components of X- bacteria that confer them resistance to digestion and their infectivity and 4) that the X-bacteria came from one of the bacterial strains normally living in the amoeba culture. These studies will use immunocytochemical methods with monoclonal antibodies, gene cloning, nucleotide sequencing, gel electrophoresis, micrurgy, and other biochemical and molecular-biological techniques. Expected results will not only enhance our understanding of the mechanisms for the establishment and maintenance of stable endosymbiosis, but also will provide insight into the origin of new cell components in eukaryotic cells and cellular character changes. In addition, some of the results might be applicable in therapeutic research on diseases caused by infective agents, in which such agents avoid digestion by the host cells probably by similar mechanisms. //