From Museums, to Movies, to Marineland: W.D. Burden, G. K. Noble, and the Marketing of Animal Behavior Research

这个项目的重点是科学、教育和娱乐在研究和促进动物行为研究中的相互渗透，这是由格拉德温·金斯利·诺布尔和威廉·道格拉斯·伯顿从1928年到1950年在美国自然历史博物馆进行的。诺布尔和伯顿都是熟练的企业家，他们都认识到电影在行为研究中的重要性，以及电影作为教育和宣传媒介的重要性。胶片的发展代表了行为研究领域的一个重要技术突破，因为生物学家现在可以在一种可以随意研究和操纵的媒介上分离动物的运动和行为。然而，自然历史电影有双重功能，因为这些电影可以作为教育和娱乐向公众展示，这是诺布尔和伯顿公司在推广1928年在美国博物馆成立的实验生物系时采用的一种营销策略。在诺布尔和伯顿的事业中，科学和娱乐的相互作用在20世纪30年代末达到了顶峰，当时在佛罗里达州圣奥古斯丁以南18英里处建立了第一个同类多物种海洋馆。作为研究中心、娱乐公园和电影制片厂，海洋公园代表了一种新的方式，在大众媒体滋养的20世纪美国文化中推销科学。研究对象也是产生大众吸引力的重要工具。利用海豚作为“上帝、孩子和人类的朋友”的流行形象，Marineland培育海豚本身作为一种营销策略。作为一个案例研究，这个项目直接关系到美国动物行为研究的历史，以及关于在20世纪美国文化中使用大众媒体进行科学普及的问题。

This project focuses on the interpenetration of science, education, and entertainment in the study and promotion of animal behavior research by Gladwyn Kingsley Noble and William Douglas Burden at the American Museum of Natural History from roughly 1928 to 1950. Adept entrepreneurs, both Noble and Burden recognized the importance of film in behavior research and its significance as a medium for educational and promotional purposes. The development of film represented an important technological breakthrough in the study of behavior, for the biologist could now isolate animal motion and behavior on a medium that could be studied and manipulated at will. Natural history films, however, served a dual function, for these films could be shown to the public as education and entertainment, a marketing strategy that Noble and Burden employed in promoting their Department of Experimental Biology, founded at the American Museum n 1928. The interplay of science and entertainment in the careers of Noble and Burden reached its culmination in the late thirties with the establishment of Marineland, the first multi-species oceanarium of its kind, 18 miles south of St. Augustine, Florida. Serving as a research center, entertainment park and film studio, Marineland represented a new approach to selling science in 20th century American culture fed on mass media. The object of study was also an important tool in generating mass appeal. Capitalizing on the popular image of the dolphin as a "friend to gods, children, and men," Marineland cultivated the dolphin itself as a marketing ploy. As a case study, this project bears directly on the history of animal behavior studies in America and on issues regarding the use of mass media in the popularization of science within 20th century American culture.