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Dissertation Research: Exploring the Oceanic Frontier: American Naturalists as Amateur Conservationists

论文研究：探索海洋前沿：作为业余保护主义者的美国博物学家

基本信息

批准号：
9810028
负责人：
Gregg Mitman
金额：
$ 0.78万
依托单位：
University of Oklahoma Norman Campus
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
1998
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1998-07-01 至 2000-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9810028&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Dissertation Research Exploring Oceanic Frontier

项目摘要

This dissertation research project is a contribution to both the history of science and environmental history in that it seeks to analyze the dialectic between ocean exploration and conservation. It will examine the history of a number of popular oceanic naturalists in the twentieth-century by focusing on their in situ exploration of the oceanic frontier and the consequent narratives of exploration that circulated in popular culture. Exploration was a legitimate scientific practice in nineteenth-century America; it was bound up with the work of natural history whose primary goal was to map and catalogue the American landscape. But in twentieth-century universities, exploration was largely displaced by laboratory-based science, often under the aegis of philanthropic patronage. For the most part, the history of twentieth-century American science is about the dominance of the lab, the staggering explosion of technology, and the increasing bigness of science. This dissertation research project focuses on a handful of naturalists who directed their attention to a barely explored region- the ocean. Roy Chapman Andrews, Robert Cushman Murphy, William Beebe, Rachel Carson, Eugenie Clark, Thor Heyerdahl, and Jacques Cousteau were all naturalists, but also constructed popular representations of the ocean. One of the spin-offs of their exploratory efforts was their support for conservation measures.

本论文研究项目对科学史和环境史做出了贡献，因为它试图分析海洋探索与保护之间的辩证关系。它将审视二十世纪一些流行的海洋博物学家的历史，重点关注他们对海洋前沿的实地探索以及随后在流行文化中流传的探索叙事。在十九世纪的美国，探索是一种合法的科学实践。它与自然历史工作密切相关，其主要目标是绘制美国景观的地图和目录。但在二十世纪的大学中，探索很大程度上被基于实验室的科学所取代，而这些科学往往是在慈善赞助的支持下。在很大程度上，二十世纪美国科学史是关于实验室的主导地位、技术的惊人爆炸以及科学规模的不断扩大。本论文研究项目的重点是少数博物学家，他们将注意力集中在一个几乎没有探索过的区域——海洋。罗伊·查普曼·安德鲁斯、罗伯特·库什曼·墨菲、威廉·毕比、雷切尔·卡森、尤金妮·克拉克、托尔·海尔达尔和雅克·库斯托都是博物学家，但也构建了流行的海洋表征。他们探索性努力的副产品之一是他们对保护措施的支持。